The mercury (Hg) poisoning of Minamata Bay of Japan widely activated a global attention to Hg toxicity and its potential consequences to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. This has resulted to an increased need for a dynamic assembly, contextualization, and quantification of both the current state-of-the-art and approaches for understanding the cause-and-effect relationships of Hg exposure. Thus, the objective of this present review is to provide both hazardous toxic properties and toxicological update of Hg, focusing on how it ultimately affects the aquatic biota to potentially produce human health effects. Primarily, we discussed processes that relate to Hg exposure, including immunological aspects and risk assessment, vulnerability, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics, using edible fish, swordfish (Xiphias gladius), as a model. In addition, we summarized available information about Hg concentration limits set by different governmental agencies, as recognized by national and international standardization authorities.

中文翻译：

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汞的危险特性和毒理学更新：从鱼类食品到人类健康安全的角度

日本水am湾的汞中毒事件引起了全球对汞中毒及其对水生生态系统和人类健康的潜在影响的广泛关注。这导致对动态装配，上下文化和量化的最新需求以及了解汞暴露的因果关系的方法的需求不断增加。因此，本综述的目的是提供汞的有害毒性特性和毒理学更新信息，重点在于汞最终如何影响水生生物以潜在地对人类健康产生影响。首先，我们以食用鱼，箭鱼（剑鱼）为模型，讨论了与汞接触有关的过程，包括免疫学方面和风险评估，脆弱性，毒物动力学和毒物动力学。此外，