Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may lower colorectal cancer risk. In particular, a number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that cruciferous vegetables and their active compounds elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms. However, it is relatively unexplored whether these vegetables modulate the risk of cancer development through epigenetic mechanisms including noncoding RNAs. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to report and discuss existing evidence with regards to modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), one variety of noncoding RNAs, by cruciferous vegetables and their chemo-preventive effects against colorectal cancers. As results, it seems clear, considering accumulating evidence regarding their interactions with cancer related genes and relevant signaling pathways, that miRNA modulation via cruciferous vegetables is an attractive target for the prevention of colorectal cancer. In addition, miRNAs have been characterized as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and utilized in cancer therapeutics. Thus, it is very possible that natural agents (not limited to those in cruciferous vegetables) enhance cancer therapeutic efficacy and elicit chemopreventive effects through modulating key miRNAs.

中文翻译：

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通过microRNA调控十字花科蔬菜和结直肠癌的研究进展

富含水果和蔬菜的饮食可降低结直肠癌的风险。特别是许多体外和体内研究表明十字花科蔬菜及其活性化合物可通过多种机制引发化学预防作用。但是，这些蔬菜是否通过表观遗传机制（包括非编码RNA）来调节癌症发展的风险，尚无定论。因此，本综述的目的是报告和讨论有关十字花科蔬菜对microRNA（miRNA），一种非编码RNA的调控及其对大肠癌的化学预防作用的现有证据。结果，考虑到有关其与癌症相关基因和相关信号通路相互作用的证据，似乎很明显，通过十字花科蔬菜调制miRNA是预防结直肠癌的一个有吸引力的目标。此外，miRNA已被表征为诊断和预后生物标志物，并已用于癌症治疗。因此，很有可能天然药物（不限于十字花科蔬菜中的药物）通过调节关键的miRNA来增强癌症的治疗效果并引发化学预防作用。