Since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene over 30 years ago, sp²-hybridised carbon nanomaterials (including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene) have stimulated new science and technology across a huge range of fields. Despite the impressive intrinsic properties, challenges in processing and chemical modification continue to hinder applications. Charged carbon nanomaterials (CCNs), formed via the reduction or oxidation of these carbon nanomaterials, facilitate dissolution, purification, separation, chemical modification, and assembly. This approach provides a compelling alternative to traditional damaging and restrictive liquid phase exfoliation routes. The broad chemistry of CCNs not only provides a versatile and potent means to modify the properties of the parent nanomaterial but also raises interesting scientific issues. This review focuses on the fundamental structural forms: buckminsterfullerene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and single-layer graphene, describing the generation of their respective charged nanocarbon species, their interactions with solvents, chemical reactivity, specific (opto)electronic properties, and emerging applications.

中文翻译：

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带电的碳纳米材料：富勒烯，碳纳米管和石墨烯的氧化还原化学

自30年前发现buckminsterfullerene以来，sp ²杂化碳纳米材料（包括富勒烯，碳纳米管和石墨烯）已在众多领域激发了新的科学技术。尽管具有令人印象深刻的固有特性，但加工和化学改性方面的挑战继续阻碍了应用。通过这些碳纳米材料的还原或氧化形成的带电碳纳米材料（CCN）有助于溶解，纯化，分离，化学修饰和组装。这种方法为传统的破坏性和限制性液相剥落途径提供了一种引人注目的替代方法。CCN的广泛化学不仅提供了改变母体纳米材料特性的通用且有效的手段，而且引发了有趣的科学问题。这篇评论着重于基本的结构形式：buckminsterfullerene，