Actions on climate change (SDG 13), including in the food system, are crucial. SDG 13 needs to align with the Paris Agreement, given that UNFCCC negotiations set the framework for climate change actions. Food system actions can have synergies and trade-offs, as illustrated by the case for nitrogen fertiliser. SDG 13 actions that reduce emissions can have positive impacts on other SDGs (e.g. 3, 6, 12, 14, 15); but such actions should not undermine the adaptation goals of SDG 13 and SDGs 1, 2, 5 and 10. Balancing trade-offs is thus crucial, with SDG 12 central: responsible consumption and production. Transformative actions in food systems are needed to achieve SDG 13 (and other SDGs), involving technical, policy, capacity enhancement and finance elements. But transformative actions come with risks, for farmers, investors, development agencies and politicians. Likely short and long term impacts need to be understood.

应对气候变化的行动（可持续发展目标13），包括在粮食系统中，至关重要。鉴于《联合国气候变化框架公约》的谈判为气候变化行动奠定了框架，因此可持续发展目标13必须与《巴黎协定》保持一致。粮食系统的行动可以产生协同作用和取舍，如氮肥的情况所示。减少排放的可持续发展目标13行动可对其他可持续发展目标产生积极影响（例如3、6、12、14、15）；但是，此类行动不应破坏可持续发展目标13和可持续发展目标1、2、5和10的适应目标。因此，在可持续发展目标12的中心：负责任的消费和生产之间取得平衡是至关重要的。为了实现可持续发展目标13（及其他可持续发展目标），需要在粮食系统中采取变革性行动，其中涉及技术，政策，能力增强和财务要素。但是，对于农民，投资者，发展机构和政客。需要理解短期和长期的影响。