The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the world-attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These measures have been correlated with academic outcomes and quality of life, and are impacted by deleterious environmental events throughout the life span, including gestational and early life insults. This review will address the topic of sex differences in executive function including a discussion of differences arising in response to developmental programming. Work on gender differences in human studies and sex differences in animal research will be reviewed. Overall, we find little support for significant gender or sex differences in executive function. An important variable that factors into the interpretation of potential sex differences include differing developmental trajectories. We conclude by discussing future directions for the field and a brief discussion of biological mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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让我们把整个事情都取消：评估执行功能中的性别和性别差异。

执行功能允许与世界注意力和焦点、冲动控制、决策制定和工作记忆进行有目的的、深思熟虑的和有意识的互动。这些措施与学业成绩和生活质量相关，并受到整个生命周期的有害环境事件的影响，包括妊娠期和生命早期的侮辱。这篇综述将讨论执行功能中的性别差异，包括讨论因发展规划而产生的差异。将对人类研究中的性别差异和动物研究中的性别差异进行审查。总体而言，我们几乎没有发现对执行功能中显着的性别或性别差异的支持。影响潜在性别差异解释的一个重要变量包括不同的发展轨迹。最后，我们讨论了该领域的未来方向并简要讨论了生物学机制。