Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, is the most serious disease of citrus plants. It is associated with the Gram-negative bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), which is transmitted between host plants by the hemipteran insect vector Diaphorina citri in a circulative, propagative manner involving specific interactions with various insect tissues including the hemolymph, fluid that occupies the body cavity akin to insect blood. High resolution quantitative mass spectrometry was performed to investigate the effect of CLas exposure on D. citri hemolymph at the proteome level. In contrast to the broad proteome effects on hundreds of proteins and a diverse array of metabolic pathways previously reported in gut and whole insect proteome analyses, the effect of CLas on the hemolymph was observed to be highly specific, restricted to key immunity and metabolism pathways, and lower in magnitude than that previously observed in the whole insect body and gut. Vitellogenins were abundantly expressed and CLas-responsive. Gene-specific RNA expression analysis suggests that these proteins are expressed in both male and female insects and may have roles outside of reproductive vitellogenesis. Proteins for fatty acid synthesis were found to be up-regulated, along with metabolic proteins associated with energy production, supported at the organismal level by the previously published observation that D. citri individuals experience a higher level of hunger when reared on CLas-infected plants. Prediction of post-translational modifications identified hemolymph proteins with phosphorylation and acetylation upon CLas exposure. Proteins derived from the three most prominent bacterial endosymbionts of the psyllid were also detected in the hemolymph, and several of these have predicted secretion signals. A DNAK protein, the bacterial HSP70, detected in the hemolymph expressed from Wolbachia pipientis was predicted to encode a eukaryotic nuclear localization signal. Taken together, these data show specific changes to immunity and metabolism in D. citri hemolymph involving host and endosymbiont proteins. These data provide a novel context for proteomic changes seen in other D. citri tissues in response to CLas and align with organismal data on the effects of CLas on D. citri metabolism and reproduction.

中文翻译：

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暂定在淋巴免疫和代谢蛋白质的Liberibacter胭脂微创改变表达柑橘木虱，黄龙病媒介昆虫

黄龙病（HLB），又称柑桔绿化病，是柑桔植物最严重的病害。它与革兰氏阴性细菌“相关联的暂定Liberibacter胭脂”（Ç LAS），它是由半翅目昆虫载体的宿主植物之间传递柑橘木虱在一个循回，涉及与各种昆虫组织，包括血淋巴特异性相互作用繁殖方式，流体占据了类似于昆虫血液的体腔。进行了高分辨率定量质谱分析，研究了C Las暴露对柠檬D. citri的影响蛋白质组水平的血淋巴。与先前在肠道和整个昆虫蛋白质组分析中报道的对数百种蛋白质的广泛蛋白质组作用以及多种代谢途径相反，据观察，C Las对血淋巴的作用具有高度特异性，仅限于关键的免疫和代谢途径，其强度低于先前在整个昆虫体内和肠道中观察到的强度。卵黄蛋白原表达丰富，C拉斯维加斯反应快。基因特异性RNA表达分析表明，这些蛋白质在雄性和雌性昆虫中均表达，并且可能在生殖卵黄发生之外具有作用。被发现的脂肪酸合成的蛋白质是上调，与能源生产相关的代谢蛋白质，在由先前公布的意见，即有机体水平支持以及亚洲柑橘木虱对饲养当个人遇到饥饿的更高水平ç拉斯维加斯感染植物。预测翻译后修饰识别出的血淋巴蛋白具有C上的磷酸化和乙酰化作用拉斯维加斯的曝光。还从血淋巴中检测到了来自木虱的三个最突出的细菌内共生体的蛋白质，其中一些已预测到分泌信号。据预测，在从Wipbachia pipientis表达的血淋巴中检测到的一种DNAK蛋白，即细菌HSP70，可编码一个真核核定位信号。综上所述，这些数据显示了涉及宿主蛋白和内共生蛋白的柑橘D.citri血淋巴中免疫力和代谢的特定变化。这些数据为其他柠檬酸橙组织中响应于C Las的蛋白质组学变化提供了新的背景，并与有关C Las对柠檬酸橙的影响的有机数据保持一致。 代谢和繁殖。