Realization of safe electrochemical energy storages with high energy density and long cycle life along with the high power density enabling fast charging is a major challenge. Here, a strategy to realize high‐performance aqueous energy storages using porous Mn₃O₄ (p‐MG) positive and porous Fe₂O₃ (p‐FG) negative electrodes, where granular nanoclusters composing nanoparticles are produced on graphene through lithiation‐induced conversion and the shortened ion diffusion lengths in p‐MG and p‐FG give fast charging rate and excellent cycle stability is reported. Furthermore, it is found from cyclic voltammetry curves and specific capacitances that porous metal oxide structures play mainly as redox reaction sites, while graphene structures provide electrical conductivity to active sites. Indeed, the full‐cell configuration of p‐MG and p‐FG in a hybrid capacitor exhibits a distinguished high energy density exceeding those of aqueous batteries, in addition to excellent capacity retention over 30 000 redox cycles and the energy density 2.5‐fold higher than that of its counterpart with pristine Mn₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃ nanocrystals. Additionally, this capacitor shows the high power density allowing ultrafast charging in that the full cells in series can be charged within several seconds by the rapid USB charger, thus outperforming those of typical aqueous batteries by about 100‐fold.

中文翻译：

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具有高能量密度和长循环稳定性以及超快充电能力的水电储能装置上石墨烯上固定的伪电容性多孔金属氧化物纳米簇的合成

实现具有高能量密度和长循环寿命以及高功率密度以实现快速充电的安全电化学储能器是一个重大挑战。在这里，提出了一种使用多孔Mn ₃ O ₄（p-MG）正和多孔Fe ₂ O ₃来实现高性能含水能量存储的策略（p-FG）负极，其中通过锂化诱导的转化在石墨烯上产生了组成纳米颗粒的颗粒状纳米团簇，并且p-MG和p-FG中缩短的离子扩散长度提供了快速充电速率，并据称具有出色的循环稳定性。此外，从循环伏安曲线和比电容发现，多孔金属氧化物结构主要充当氧化还原反应位点，而石墨烯结构为活性位点提供导电性。确实，混合电容器中p-MG和p-FG的全电池配置具有卓越的高能量密度，超过了水性电池，具有超过3万次氧化还原循环的出色容量保持能力以及高出2.5倍的能量密度比其原始Mn ₃ O高₄和Fe ₂ O ₃纳米晶体。此外，该电容器具有高功率密度，可实现超快充电，因为快速USB充电器可在几秒钟内对串联的整个电池单元进行充电，因此其性能比典型的水性电池快约100倍。