Background

Antibiotic resistance, mainly due to imprudent use of antibiotics in agriculture, environment, animal and human medicine, has been widely recognized as one of the main global health concerns, threatening food security, and human and animal health, causing considerable economic losses.

Scope and approach

We summarize the state of the art in antibiotic resistant foodborne bacteria and related reservoirs, some actions to overcome this threat, and the future perspectives in the field.

Key findings and conclusions

Food and food production may be a vehicle of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes to humans that have a public health impact. Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, have the ability to form hybrid elements interplaying with or from the environment and foodborne bacteria. These genetic structures are able to encode for resistance for many antibiotics, namely those that are last resort treatments for patients infected with multidrug resistant bacteria. Information, education and training, surveillance, monitoring, record-keeping, reduction of infection, legislation, optimization and reduced antibiotic use, and sustainable investment for alternatives, are important actions to bring antibiotic resistant foodborne bacteria under control.

Omics technologies such as genomics, metagenomics and transcriptomics, are valuable tools for surveillance and control of antibiotic resistance in different One Health settings, notably with respect to the selection, dissemination, and distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria in food, as well as to unravel the antibiotic resistance mechanism involved. In the future metatranscriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are expected to enlarge next-generation-sequencing tools to strengthen control of antibiotic resistance in food.

中文翻译：

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食源性细菌对抗生素的耐药性

背景

主要由于在农业，环境，动物和人类医学中不慎使用抗生素而引起的抗生素耐药性已被广泛认为是全球主要的健康问题之一，威胁到粮食安全以及人类和动物健康，造成巨大的经济损失。

范围和方法

我们总结了抗生素抗性食源性细菌和相关水库的最新技术，克服此威胁的一些措施以及该领域的未来前景。

主要发现和结论

食品和食品生产可能是对人类具有公共卫生影响的抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因的媒介。诸如质粒，转座子之类的可移动遗传元件具有形成与环境和食源性细菌相互作用或与之相互作用的杂合元件的能力。这些遗传结构能够编码许多抗生素的抗药性，即那些被多重耐药菌感染的患者的最后治疗方法。信息，教育和培训，监视，监测，记录保存，减少感染，立法，优化和减少抗生素的使用以及对替代品的可持续投资是控制抗生素耐药性食源性细菌的重要措施。

诸如基因组学，宏基因组学和转录组学之类的Omics技术是监测和控制不同One Health环境中抗生素抗性的宝贵工具，尤其是在食品中抗生素抗性细菌的选择，传播和分布方面，以及涉及抗生素耐药机制。在未来的转录组学，蛋白质组学和代谢组学领域，有望扩大下一代测序工具，以加强对食品中抗生素抗性的控制。