A novel oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst (3 D S235‐P steel) based on a steel S235 substrate was successfully prepared by facile one‐step surface modification. The standard carbon‐manganese steel was phosphorized superficially, which led to the formation of a unique 3 D interconnected nanoporous surface with a high specific area that facilitated the electrocatalytically initiated oxygen evolution reaction. The prepared 3 D S235‐P steel exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic OER activities in the alkaline regime, as confirmed by a low overpotential (326 mV at a 10 mA cm⁻²) and a small Tafel slope of 68.7 mV dec⁻¹. Moreover, the catalyst was found to be stable under long‐term usage conditions, functioning as an oxygen‐evolving electrode at pH 13, as evidenced by the sufficient charge‐to‐oxygen conversion rate (faradaic efficiency: 82.11 and 88.34 % at 10 and 5 mA cm⁻², respectively). In addition, it turned out that the chosen surface modification delivered steel S235 as an OER electrocatalyst that was stable under neutral pH conditions. Our investigation revealed that the high catalytic activities likely stemmed from the generated Fe/(Mn) hydroxide/oxohydroxides generated during the OER process. Phosphorization treatment therefore not only is an efficient way to optimize the electrocatalytic performance of standard carbon‐manganese steel but also enables for the development of low‐costing and abundant steels in the field of energy conversion.

中文翻译：

---

自由维持的三维S235钢基多孔电催化剂，可高效高效地释放氧气

通过简单的一步式表面改性，成功地制备了一种基于S235钢基底的新型氧释放反应（OER）催化剂（3 D S235-P钢）。标准的碳锰钢表面进行了磷化处理，从而形成了具有高比表面积的独特3D互连纳米多孔表面，从而促进了电催化引发的析氧反应。制备的3 D S235-P钢在碱性条件下表现出增强的电催化OER活性，这可通过低过电势（在10 mA cm ^-2时为326 mV ）和68.7 mV dec ^-1的小Tafel斜率来证实。。此外，发现该催化剂在长期使用条件下很稳定，在pH 13时可作为放氧电极，这由足够的电荷-氧气转化率证明（法拉第效率：在10和10时为82.11和88.34％）。 5 mA厘米^-2， 分别）。另外，事实证明，所选择的表面改性提供了钢S235作为在中性pH条件下稳定的OER电催化剂。我们的研究表明，高催化活性可能源于OER过程中生成的Fe /（Mn）氢氧化物/羟基氧化物。因此，磷化处理不仅是优化标准碳锰钢电催化性能的有效方法，而且还可以在能量转换领域开发低成本和丰富的钢。