In this paper, an automotive onboard heater equalizer is proposed to heat low-temperature batteries and balance cell voltages without the requirement of external power supplies. The proposed integrated topology only needs one MOSFET for one cell, resulting in a compact size and low cost, which can be easily applied to electric vehicles. In particular, all MOSFETs are driven by one high-frequency pulsewidth modulation signal and the batteries can be heated internally by the ohmic and electrochemical losses and warmed externally by the switching and conduction losses of MOSFETs, leading to a high heating speed and efficiency. Further, a thermoelectric model for the internal and external combined heating is developed to provide guidance for the optimized design of the proposed heater. In addition, the proposed topology can realize passive balancing of series-connected battery strings at a higher switching frequency and a smaller duty cycle. Experimental results show that the proposed heater, by generating a periodic ramped discharge current with an rms value of 1.8 C at a switching frequency of 150 kHz, can heat the lithium-ion batteries from −20 to 0 °C within 1.9 min, consuming about 5% of the cell energy.

中文翻译：

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电动汽车锂离子电池集成加热器均衡器

在本文中，提出了一种汽车车载加热器均衡器来加热低温电池并平衡电池电压，而无需外部电源。所提出的集成拓扑结构只需要一个 MOSFET 用于一个单元，从而具有紧凑的尺寸和低成本，可以很容易地应用于电动汽车。特别是，所有MOSFET均由一个高频脉宽调制信号驱动，电池可以通过欧姆和电化学损耗在内部加热，并通过MOSFET的开关和传导损耗在外部加热，从而导致较高的加热速度和效率。此外，开发了用于内部和外部组合加热的热电模型，为所提出的加热器的优化设计提供指导。此外，所提出的拓扑结构可以在更高的开关频率和更小的占空比下实现串联电池组的被动平衡。实验结果表明，所提出的加热器通过在 150 kHz 的开关频率下产生 rms 值为 1.8 C 的周期性斜坡放电电流，可以在 1.9 分钟内将锂离子电池从 -20 加热到 0 °C，消耗约5%的细胞能量。