Despite an increasing focus on transdiagnostic approaches to mental health, it remains unclear whether different diagnostic categories share a common neuronatomical basis. The current investigation sought to investigate whether a transdiagnostic set of structural alterations characterized schizophrenia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and determine whether any such alterations reflected markers of psychiatric illness or pre-existing familial vulnerability. A total of 404 patients with a psychiatric diagnosis were recruited (psychosis, n = 129; unipolar depression, n = 92; post-traumatic stress disorder, n = 91; obsessive-compulsive disorder, n = 92) alongside n = 201 healthy controls and n = 20 unaffected first-degree relatives. We collected structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from each participant, and tested for transdiagnostic alterations using Voxel-based morphometry. Inferences were made at p < 0.05 after family-wise error correction for multiple comparisons. The four psychiatric groups relative to healthy controls were all characterized by significantly greater gray matter volume in the putamen (right: z-score: 5.97, p-value < 0.001; left: z-score: 4.97, p-value = 0.001); the volume of this region was positively correlated with severity of symptoms across groups (r = 0.313; p < 0.001). Putamen enlargement was also evident in unaffected relatives compared to healthy controls (right: z-score: 8.13, p-value < 0.001; left: z-score: 9.38, p-value < 0.001). Taken collectively, these findings indicate that increased putamen volume may reflect a transdiagnostic marker of familial vulnerability to psychopathology. This is consistent with emerging conceptualizations of psychiatric illness, in which each disorder is understood as a combination of diagnosis-specific features and a transdiagnostic factor reflecting general psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病的跨诊断神经解剖学特征。

尽管越来越关注心理健康的跨诊断方法，但仍不清楚不同的诊断类别是否具有共同的神经解剖学基础。目前的调查试图调查一组跨诊断的结构改变是否以精神分裂症、抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍和强迫症为特征，并确定任何此类改变是否反映了精神疾病或先前存在的家族脆弱性的标志。共招募了 404 名诊断为精神病的患者（精神病，n = 129；单相抑郁症，n = 92；创伤后应激障碍，n = 91；强迫症，n = 92）以及 n = 201 名健康对照n = 20 未受影响的一级亲属。我们收集了每个参与者的结构磁共振成像扫描，并使用基于体素的形态测量法测试了跨诊断改变。在对多重比较进行家庭错误校正后，在 p < 0.05 时做出推论。与健康对照组相比，四个精神病组的特征都是壳核中灰质体积显着增加（右图：z 分数：5.97，p 值 < 0.001；左图：z 分数：4.97，p 值 = 0.001）；该区域的体积与各组症状的严重程度呈正相关 (r = 0.313；p < 0.001)。与健康对照相比，未受影响的亲属的壳核增大也很明显（右：z 分数：8.13，p 值 < 0.001；左：z 分数：9.38，p 值 < 0.001）。综合起来，这些发现表明，增加的壳核体积可能反映了家族易患精神病理学的跨诊断标志。这与新兴的精神疾病概念一致，其中每种疾病都被理解为特定诊断特征和反映一般精神病理学的跨诊断因素的组合。