The market share in electric vehicles (EV) is increasing. This trend is likely to continue due to the increased interest in reducing CO₂ emissions. The electric vehicle market evolution depends principally on the evolution of batteries capacity. As a consequence, automobile manufacturers focus their efforts on launching in the market EVs capable to compete with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in both performance and economic aspects. Although EVs are suitable for the day-to-day needs of the typical urban driver, their range is still lower than ICEV, because batteries are not able to store and supply enough energy to the vehicle and provide the same autonomy as ICEV.

EV use mostly Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries but this technology is reaching its theoretical limit (200–250 Wh/kg). Although the research to improve Li-ion batteries is very active, other researches began to investigate alternative electrochemical energy storage systems with higher energy density. At present, the most promising technology is the Lithium-Sulphur (Li-S) battery.

This paper presents a review of the state of art of Li-Sulphur battery on EVs compared to Li-ion ones, considering technical, modelling, environmental and economic aspects with the aim of depicting the challenges this technology has to overcome to substitute Li-ion in the near future. This study shows how the main drawbacks for Li-S concern are durability, self-discharge and battery modelling. However, from an environmental and economic point of view, Li-S technology presents many advantages over Li-ion.

电动汽车（EV）的市场份额正在增加。由于人们越来越关注减少CO ₂排放，这种趋势可能会持续下去。电动汽车市场的发展主要取决于电池容量的发展。结果，汽车制造商将精力集中在投放市场上能够在性能和经济方面与内燃机汽车（ICEV）竞争的EV上。尽管电动汽车适合典型的城市驾驶员的日常需求，但其续航里程仍低于ICEV，因为电池无法为汽车存储和提供足够的能量，并且无法提供与ICEV相同的自主性。

电动汽车主要使用锂离子电池，但这项技术已达到其理论极限（200–250 Wh / kg）。尽管改进锂离子电池的研究非常活跃，但其他研究开始研究具有更高能量密度的替代性电化学储能系统。目前，最有前途的技术是锂硫（Li-S）电池。

本文介绍了与锂离子电池相比的电动汽车用锂硫电池的最新技术，同时考虑了技术，建模，环境和经济方面，目的是描述该技术在替代锂离子电池方面必须克服的挑战在不远的将来。这项研究表明，锂硫电池的主要缺点是耐用性，自放电和电池建模。但是，从环境和经济角度来看，Li-S技术比Li-ion具有许多优势。