Considering the immense challenge of preventing obesity, the time has come to reconceptualise the way we study the obesity development in childhood. The developmental cascade model offers a longitudinal framework to elucidate the way cumulative consequences and spreading effects of risk and protective factors, across and within biopsychosocial spheres and phases of development, can propel individuals towards obesity. In this article, we use a theory-driven model-building approach and a scoping review that included 310 published studies to propose a developmental cascade model of paediatric obesity. The proposed model provides a basis for testing hypothesised cascades with multiple intervening variables and complex longitudinal processes. Moreover, the model informs future research by resolving seemingly contradictory findings on pathways to obesity previously thought to be distinct (low self-esteem, consuming sugary foods, and poor sleep cause obesity) that are actually processes working together over time (low self-esteem causes consumption of sugary foods which disrupts sleep quality and contributes to obesity). The findings of such inquiries can aid in identifying the timing and specific targets of preventive interventions across and within developmental phases. The implications of such a cascade model of paediatric obesity for health psychology and developmental and prevention sciences are discussed.

中文翻译：

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儿科肥胖的发展级联观点：概念模型和范围审查。

考虑到预防肥胖的巨大挑战，现在是时候重新概念化我们研究儿童肥胖发展的方式了。发育级联模型提供了一个纵向框架，阐明了跨社会心理社会领域和发展阶段以及在其发展阶段中，风险和保护因素的累积后果以及风险和保护性因素的扩散效应如何推动个体趋于肥胖。在本文中，我们使用理论驱动的模型构建方法和范围广泛的综述（包括310篇已发表的研究）提出了儿童肥胖的发展级联模型。所提出的模型为测试带有多个中间变量和复杂纵向过程的假设级联提供了基础。而且，该模型通过解决先前被认为与众不同的肥胖途径（自尊心低，食用含糖食物以及睡眠不良导致肥胖）的看似矛盾的发现，为以后的研究提供依据，这些过程实际上是随着时间的流逝共同起作用的（自尊心低导致食用含糖食物会破坏睡眠质量并导致肥胖）。此类调查的结果有助于确定发展阶段内和发展阶段内预防性干预措施的时机和具体目标。讨论了这种小儿肥胖的级联模型对健康心理学以及发展和预防科学的意义。睡眠不足和肥胖会导致肥胖），这实际上是随着时间的流逝而共同起作用的过程（自尊心低会导致食用含糖食物，从而破坏睡眠质量并导致肥胖）。此类调查的结果有助于确定发展阶段内和发展阶段内预防性干预措施的时机和具体目标。讨论了这种小儿肥胖的级联模型对健康心理学以及发展和预防科学的意义。和睡眠不足会导致肥胖），这实际上是随着时间的流逝而共同起作用的过程（自尊心低会导致食用含糖食物，从而破坏睡眠质量并导致肥胖）。此类调查的结果有助于确定发展阶段内和发展阶段内预防性干预措施的时机和具体目标。讨论了这种小儿肥胖的级联模型对健康心理学以及发展和预防科学的意义。