Abstract Oil and gas industry generate large quantities of oily wastewater effluents. This wastewater has a major impact on the environment and human health. Hence, a suitable separation method is applied to treat oily wastewater to not only meet the environmental regulations but also to promote water recycling and desalination. Many studies were performed in the literature to investigate the best technologies for treating oily saline water such as the traditional technique of gravity sedimentation and dewatering. Among all, membrane separation processes have been receiving extra attention in the past decades. This is due to their high separation efficiency, low energy requirements and easy operation. Additional research activities were also directed to utilize membranes in pre-treatment separation processes of oily water ahead of the desalination units. This paper presents a comprehensive review for the recent treatment processes available in the literature for oily wastewater with the concentration on the use of various membranes to accomplish this target. The paper also reviews the recent findings in membranes' development and emerging modification techniques such as interfacial polymerization, nanoparticles incorporation, and surface grafting. A special emphasis was given for ceramic membranes, their operation and their preparation techniques. Moreover, the paper compares and discusses the effect of different operating conditions such as trans-membrane pressure and cross flow velocity on membrane separation performance in oily water.

中文翻译：

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膜分离作为含油盐水的预处理工艺

摘要 石油和天然气工业产生大量含油废水。这种废水对环境和人类健康有重大影响。因此，采用合适的分离方法处理含油废水，不仅符合环保法规，而且可以促进水的循环利用和海水淡化。文献中进行了许多研究，以研究处理含油咸水的最佳技术，例如传统的重力沉降和脱水技术。其中，膜分离工艺在过去几十年中受到了额外的关注。这是由于它们的高分离效率、低能量需求和易于操作。其他研究活动还针对在脱盐装置之前的含油水的预处理分离过程中使用膜。本文全面回顾了文献中关于含油废水的最新处理工艺，重点介绍了使用各种膜来实现这一目标。该论文还回顾了膜开发和新兴改性技术（如界面聚合、纳米粒子掺入和表面接枝）的最新发现。特别强调了陶瓷膜、它们的操作和它们的制备技术。此外，本文还比较和讨论了不同操作条件（如跨膜压力和错流速度）对油水中膜分离性能的影响。