In recent years, as the most promising photovoltaic technology, lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research hotspot owing to their super‐high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and simple preparation method. However, the toxicity of lead and instability under high humidity and temperature greatly affects their further development. In this study, we investigated three kinds of non‐toxic transition metal cations (Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Ni²⁺) at 3 % to partially substitute lead cations and form mixed‐dimensional (MD) perovskites. Among these transition metals, Zn²⁺ is the most suitable to replace Pb²⁺ and Zn‐MD perovskite device exhibits the best PCE of 18.35 %. In addition, we further studied the humidity and heat stability of methylammonium lead iodide (MA), Zn‐MD, Mn‐MD, and Ni‐MD perovskite devices. Upon exposure to about 50 % relativity humidity (RH) for 800 h, the MA and three MD devices, respectively, maintain 30 %, 81 %, 80 %, and 74 % of their original PCE. After aging at 60 °C for 100 h, the PCEs of the four PSCs retain 40 %, 84 %, 85 %, and 76 % of their starting values, respectively. The results show that the three MD perovskite devices have high humidity and heat stability and using transition‐metal‐substituted Pb can gain long‐term stability and reduced toxicity of PSCs.

中文翻译：

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通过使用过渡金属取代的Pb前驱体获得高性能和稳定的混合尺寸钙钛矿太阳能电池

近年来，作为最有前途的光伏技术，卤化钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）由于其超高功率转换效率（PCE）和简单的制备方法而成为研究热点。但是，铅的毒性和在高湿度和高温下的不稳定性极大地影响了它们的进一步发展。在这项研究中，我们研究了3％的3种无毒过渡金属阳离子（Zn 2 ⁺，Mn ²⁺和Ni ²⁺）部分取代铅阳离子并形成混合尺寸（MD）钙钛矿。在这些过渡金属中，Zn ²⁺最适合替代Pb ²⁺Zn-MD钙钛矿器件的PCE最佳，为18.35％。此外，我们进一步研究了甲基铵碘化铅（MA），Zn-MD，Mn-MD和Ni-MD钙钛矿器件的湿度和热稳定性。在暴露于约50％的相对湿度（RH）下800小时后，MA和三个MD设备分别保持其原始PCE的30％，81％，80％和74％。在60°C下老化100小时后，四个PSC的PCE分别保持其初始值的40％，84％，85％和76％。结果表明，这三种MD钙钛矿装置具有较高的湿度和热稳定性，并且使用过渡金属取代的Pb可以获得长期稳定性并降低PSC的毒性。