Abstract A pilot plant was used to evaluate the potential of solar photocatalytic processes in the treatment of wastewater containing emerging contaminates. Four groups of commonly used pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, estrogens, acidic, and neutral) were selected as model compounds and were treated with different combinations of solar advanced oxidation processes including solar-photolysis, homogenous solar oxidation with ferric ions, heterogeneous solar oxidation with titanium dioxide, and solar ozonation. Oxidation experiments were performed in Doha, Qatar (25.2854°N, 51.5310°E) under natural sunlight and at ambient temperature, in a semi-batch photo-reactor. Treatment performance was evaluated based on the efficiency of the processes in removing the target compounds and in mineralizing the organic content of the aqueous solution. The improvement in biodegradability and the reduction in the toxicity of the aqueous solution before and after the treatment were also evaluated. The results show that solar photolysis and solar oxidation with ferric ions are not effective in removing or mineralizing aqueous solutions containing the selected contaminates, while solar-driven oxidation processes with ferric ions, titanium dioxide, and ozone rapidly removed these pharmaceuticals from the wastewater and to some extent decreased the organic carbon content of the solutions. The removal efficiencies with solar photolysis and solar oxidation with ferric ions did not exceed 12.7% and 28.3%, respectively. Adding H2O2 to solar oxidation with ferric ions or utilizing TiO2 increased the percentage removal to the range 80–96%. Ozonation and solar ozonation processes removed 90–100% of the pharms in very short time. Performance indictor analysis showed that combining solar photocatalytic oxidation process with ozonation significantly improved the removal performance, increased the degree of mineralization, reduced the chemical requirements, and reduced the demand for ozone and energy. The kinetic profile of the combined processes is higher than that of the single oxidation process; thus, the combined oxidation processes is recommended for efficient treatment. The oxidation processes with their effective degradation capacity improved wastewater biodegradability and reduced its acute toxicity.

中文翻译：

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太阳能光催化氧化在去除废水中的新兴药物中的潜在用途：中试工厂研究

摘要 一个中试工厂被用来评估太阳能光催化过程在处理含有新兴污染物的废水中的潜力。选择四组常用药物（抗生素、雌激素、酸性和中性）作为模型化合物，并用不同的太阳能高级氧化工艺组合处理，包括太阳能光解、三价铁离子的均相太阳能氧化、二氧化钛的非均相太阳能氧化，和太阳能臭氧化。氧化实验在卡塔尔多哈 (25.2854°N, 51.5310°E) 在自然阳光和环境温度下，在半间歇式光反应器中进行。基于去除目标化合物和矿化水溶液的有机成分的过程的效率来评估处理性能。还评价了处理前后水溶液的生物降解性的提高和毒性的降低。结果表明，三价铁离子的太阳能光解和太阳能氧化不能有效去除或矿化含有选定污染物的水溶液，而三价铁离子、二氧化钛和臭氧的太阳能驱动氧化过程可迅速从废水中去除这些药物，并在一定程度上降低了溶液的有机碳含量。太阳光解和三价铁离子太阳氧化的去除效率分别不超过 12.7% 和 28.3%。将 H2O2 添加到含铁离子的太阳能氧化中或利用 TiO2 将去除百分比提高到 80-96%。臭氧化和太阳能臭氧化过程在很短的时间内去除了 90-100% 的药物。性能指标分析表明，将太阳能光催化氧化工艺与臭氧化相结合，显着提高了去除性能，提高了矿化程度，降低了化学需求，减少了对臭氧和能源的需求。联合过程的动力学曲线高于单一氧化过程；因此，推荐联合氧化工艺进行有效处理。具有有效降解能力的氧化过程提高了废水的生物降解性并降低了其急性毒性。增加矿化程度，减少化学需求，减少对臭氧和能源的需求。联合过程的动力学曲线高于单一氧化过程；因此，推荐联合氧化工艺进行有效处理。具有有效降解能力的氧化过程提高了废水的生物降解性并降低了其急性毒性。增加矿化程度，减少化学需求，减少对臭氧和能源的需求。联合过程的动力学曲线高于单一氧化过程；因此，推荐联合氧化工艺进行有效处理。具有有效降解能力的氧化过程提高了废水的生物降解性并降低了其急性毒性。