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Intravitreal Sirolimus for the Treatment of Noninfectious Uveitis
Ophthalmology ( IF 13.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.06.015
Quan Dong Nguyen , Pauline T. Merrill , Yasir J. Sepah , Mohamed A. Ibrahim , Alay Banker , Andrea Leonardi , Michelle Chernock , Sri Mudumba , Diana V. Do

In recent decades, the treatment paradigm for noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis, a group of intraocular inflammatory diseases, has included systemic and local (periocular or intraocular) corticosteroids, biologics, and other steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy agents. Recently, an intravitreal formulation of sirolimus, an immunosuppressant that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin, a key regulator of cell growth in the immune system, was developed. On the basis of this mechanism and the local method of delivery, it was hypothesized that intravitreal sirolimus can improve ocular inflammation in patients with noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis, with minimal systemic exposure and systemic adverse events (AEs). This review summarizes the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety results of intravitreal sirolimus from 3 preclinical studies and 4 phase 1–3 clinical studies. Preclinical studies in rabbits showed that 22 to 220 μg intravitreal sirolimus results in sustained release of sirolimus in the vitreous for 2 months or more, with systemic concentrations below the threshold for systemic immunosuppression (approximately 8 ng/ml). Subsequently, 2 phase 1 studies (n = 50 and n = 30) established that intravitreal sirolimus improves ocular inflammation in humans. Further investigation in phase 2 and 3 studies (n = 24 and n = 347, respectively) suggested that 440 μg has the best benefit-to-risk profile. In the phase 3 study, the proportion of patients who showed complete resolution of ocular inflammation at month 5 was significantly higher in the 440-μg group than in the 44-μg group (22.8% vs. 10.3%; P = 0.025, Fisher exact test). In addition, 47 of 69 patients (68.1%) who were treated with systemic corticosteroids at baseline discontinued corticosteroid use at month 5. No sirolimus-related systemic AEs were reported in phase 1–3 studies. Collectively, these preclinical and clinical study data of intravitreal sirolimus support the therapeutic rationale of treating noninfectious uveitis with a local mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and suggest that 440 μg intravitreal sirolimus has the potential to be an effective and well-tolerated anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid-sparing treatment for noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis.



中文翻译:

玻璃体内西罗莫司治疗非感染性葡萄膜炎

近几十年来,非传染性中间葡萄膜炎,后葡萄膜炎和胰腺炎(一种眼内炎性疾病)的治疗范例包括全身和局部(眼周或眼内)皮质类固醇,生物制剂和其他保留类固醇的免疫调节治疗剂。最近,开发了西罗莫司的玻璃体内制剂,西罗莫司是一种抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标的免疫抑制剂,雷帕霉素是免疫系统中细胞生长的关键调节剂。根据这种机制和局部给药方法,假设玻璃体内西罗莫司可以改善非感染性中间葡萄膜炎,后葡萄膜炎和胰腺炎患者的眼部炎症,且全身暴露和全身不良事件(AEs)最少。这篇评论总结了药代动力学,功效,3项临床前研究和4项1-3期临床研究得出的玻璃体内西罗莫司的安全性和安全性结果。对兔子的临床前研究表明,22至220μg玻璃体内西罗莫司可导致西罗莫司在玻璃体内持续释放2个月或更长时间,全身浓度低于全身免疫抑制阈值(约8 ng / ml)。随后,两项1期研究(n = 50和n = 30)确定玻璃体内西罗莫司可改善人类的眼部炎症。在第2阶段和第3阶段研究中的进一步研究(分别为n = 24和n = 347)表明440μg具有最佳的受益风险曲线。在3期研究中,在440μg组中,在第5个月显示出眼部炎症完全缓解的患者比例显着高于44μg组(22.8%对10.3%;相比之下)。对兔子的临床前研究表明,22至220μg玻璃体内西罗莫司可导致西罗莫司在玻璃体内持续释放2个月或更长时间,全身浓度低于全身免疫抑制阈值(约8 ng / ml)。随后,两项1期研究(n = 50和n = 30)确定玻璃体内西罗莫司可改善人类的眼部炎症。在第2阶段和第3阶段研究中的进一步研究(分别为n = 24和n = 347)表明440μg具有最佳的受益风险曲线。在3期研究中,在440μg组中,在第5个月显示出眼部炎症完全缓解的患者比例显着高于44μg组(22.8%对10.3%;相比之下)。对兔子的临床前研究表明,玻璃体内西罗莫司浓度为22至220μg,可导致西罗莫司在玻璃体内持续释放2个月或更长时间,全身浓度低于全身免疫抑制阈值(约8 ng / ml)。随后,两项2期1期研究(n = 50和n = 30)确定玻璃体内西罗莫司可改善人类的眼部炎症。在第2阶段和第3阶段研究中的进一步研究(分别为n = 24和n = 347)表明440μg具有最佳的受益风险曲线。在3期研究中,在440μg组中,在第5个月显示出眼部炎症完全缓解的患者比例显着高于44μg组(22.8%对10.3%;相比之下)。2项1期研究(n = 50和n = 30)确定玻璃体内西罗莫司可改善人类的眼部炎症。在第2阶段和第3阶段研究中的进一步研究(分别为n = 24和n = 347)表明440μg具有最佳的受益风险曲线。在3期研究中,在440μg组中,在第5个月显示出眼部炎症完全缓解的患者比例显着高于44μg组(22.8%对10.3%;相比之下)。2项1期研究(n = 50和n = 30)确定玻璃体内西罗莫司可改善人类的眼部炎症。在第2阶段和第3阶段研究中的进一步研究(分别为n = 24和n = 347)表明440μg具有最佳的受益风险曲线。在3期研究中,在440μg组中,在第5个月显示出眼部炎症完全缓解的患者比例显着高于44μg组(分别为22.8%和10.3%;P  = 0.025,Fisher精确检验)。此外,在基线时接受全身性糖皮质激素治疗的69位患者中,有47位(68.1%)在第5个月停止使用皮质类固醇。1-3期研究未报告与西罗莫司相关的全身性AE。总的来说,这些玻璃体内西罗莫司的临床前和临床研究数据支持以局部雷帕霉素抑制剂为靶点的非感染性葡萄膜炎的治疗原理,并表明440μg玻璃体内西罗莫司具有成为有效且耐受性良好的抗炎和皮质类固醇的潜力。非感染性中间葡萄膜炎,后葡萄膜炎和胰腺炎的低剂量治疗。

更新日期:2018-07-27
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