Graphynes (GYs) are carbon allotropes with single-atom thickness that feature layered 2D structure assembled by carbon atoms with sp- and sp²- hybridization form. Various functional theories have predicted GYs to have natural band gap with Dirac cones structure, presumably originating from inhomogeneous π-bonding between those carbon atoms with different hybridization and overlap of the carbon 2p_z orbitals. Among all the GYs, graphdiyne (GDY) was the first reported to be prepared practically and, hence, attracted the attention of many researchers toward this new planar, layered material, as well as other GYs. Several approaches have been reported to be able to modify the band gap of GDY, containing invoking strain, boron/nitrogen doping, nanoribbon architectures, hydrogenation, and so on. GDY has been well-prepared in many different morphologies, like nanowires, nanotube arrays, nanowalls, nanosheets, ordered stripe arrays, and 3D framwork. The fascinating structure and electronic properties of GDY make it a potential candidate carbon material with many applications. It has recently revealed the practicality of GDY as catalyst; in rechargeable batteries, solar cells, electronic devices, magnetism, detector, biomedicine, and therapy; and for gas separation as well as water purification.

中文翻译：

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二维石墨二炔基材料的研究进展

Graphynes（GYS）是碳同素异形具有单原子厚度特征层状通过碳原子与SP组装2D结构-和SP ² -杂交形式。各种功能理论已预测GY具有Dirac锥结构的自然带隙，推测是由于碳2p _z的杂化和重叠不同的碳原子之间存在不均匀的π键。轨道。在所有的GY中，石墨二炔（GDY）是第一个被实际制备的，因此吸引了许多研究人员对这种新型的平面，分层材料以及其他GY的关注。据报道，有几种方法能够改变GDY的带隙，其中包括调用应变，硼/氮掺杂，纳米带结构，氢化等。GDY已经准备好了许多不同的形态，例如纳米线，纳米管阵列，纳米壁，纳米片，有序条纹阵列和3D框架。GDY的引人入胜的结构和电子性能使其成为潜在的候选碳材料，具有许多应用。最近揭示了GDY作为催化剂的实用性。在可充电电池，太阳能电池，电子设备，磁性，检测器，生物医学和治疗中；