Cerebral organoids provide an accessible system for investigations of cellular composition, interactions, and organization but have lacked oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glia of the central nervous system. Here we reproducibly generated oligodendrocytes and myelin in 'oligocortical spheroids' derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Molecular features consistent with those of maturing oligodendrocytes and early myelin appeared by week 20 in culture, with further maturation and myelin compaction evident by week 30. Promyelinating drugs enhanced the rate and extent of oligodendrocyte generation and myelination, and spheroids generated from human subjects with a genetic myelin disorder recapitulated human disease phenotypes. Oligocortical spheroids provide a versatile platform for studies of myelination of the developing central nervous system and offer new opportunities for disease modeling and therapeutic development.

中文翻译：

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在人类皮质球体中诱导髓鞘少突胶质细胞。

脑类器官提供了可访问的系统，用于研究细胞组成，相互作用和组织，但缺少少突胶质细胞（中枢神经系统的髓质胶质细胞）。在这里，我们从人类多能干细胞衍生的“寡皮质球体”中可重现地生成了少突胶质细胞和髓磷脂。分子特征与培养的少突胶质细胞和早期髓磷脂的分子特征相一致，在培养的第20周出现，并在第30周时进一步成熟并出现髓鞘紧实。前髓鞘形成药物增强了少突胶质细胞的产生和髓鞘形成的速率和程度，以及从患有高脂血症的人类受试者中产生的球状体。遗传性髓鞘疾病概括了人类疾病的表型。