Sex differences have been observed across many psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. For major depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, females show a roughly two-fold greater risk as compared to males. Depression is sexually dimorphic with males and females exhibiting differences in clinical presentation, course, and response to antidepressant treatment. In this review, we first discuss sex differences observed in depressed patients, as well as animal models that reveal potential underlying mechanisms. We then discuss antidepressant treatments including their proposed mechanism of action and sex differences observed in treatment response. We include possible mechanisms underlying these sex differences with particular focus on synaptic transmission.

中文翻译：

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抗抑郁药疗效的性别差异。

在许多精神疾病中都观察到了性别差异，尤其是情绪障碍。对于重度抑郁症这种最普遍的精神疾病，女性的风险大约是男性的两倍。抑郁症具有性别差异，男性和女性在临床表现、病程和对抗抑郁药治疗的反应方面表现出差异。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了在抑郁症患者中观察到的性别差异，以及揭示潜在潜在机制的动物模型。然后我们讨论抗抑郁治疗，包括它们提出的作用机制和治疗反应中观察到的性别差异。我们包括了这些性别差异背后的可能机制，特别关注突触传递。