Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the changes in the various mechanical properties of hybrid and conventional CAD/CAM materials after accelerated aging using hydrothermal processes. Five kinds of hybrid and ceramic CAD/CAM blocks were selected. A total of 225 specimens were prepared with highly polished surfaces, in the form of round discs (diameter 12 mm, thickness 1.2 mm), and were divided into three groups (the control group, thermal cycling group, and autoclave group [n = 15, each]). The nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus (nanoindenter), biaxial flexural strength (ball-on-ring test system), surface roughness (atomic force microscopy), surface texture (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and elemental concentrations (energy dispersive spectroscopy) were evaluated. The Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to determine statistical significance ( P The nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus of the hybrid CAD/CAM materials were lower than those of ceramic materials, and they decreased after autoclave treatment. Among the hybrid CAD/CAM materials, Vita Enamic alone showed no significant difference in the Young's modulus after autoclave treatment; it also exhibited the highest nanoindentation hardness and modulus. There were significant changes in the biaxial flexural strength of hybrid CAD/CAM materials after aging. However, there was no change in the biaxial flexural strength of ceramic materials. The surface roughness of all materials, except CeraSmart, changed after aging. The SEM observations indicated a loss of filler particles in Lava Ultimate and morphological changes in IPS e.max ZirCAD, after aging. The ceramic CAD/CAM materials are superior to hybrid CAD/CAM materials in terms of the mechanical properties. The accelerated aging procedure induced changes in the mechanical properties of some hybrid CAD/CAM materials. Therefore, when using hybrid CAD/CAM materials, it is important to understand the behaviors of the various properties of each material as time progresses, and long-term follow up is necessary.

中文翻译：

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混合计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）材料时效处理后的力学性能

摘要 本研究的目的是评估和比较混合和传统 CAD/CAM 材料在使用水热工艺加速老化后各种机械性能的变化。选择了五种混合和陶瓷 CAD/CAM 块。共制备了 225 个具有高度抛光表面的圆盘形式（直径 12 mm，厚度 1.2 mm）的样品，并分为三组（对照组、热循环组和高压釜组 [n = 15 ， 每个]）。纳米压痕硬度和杨氏模量（纳米压痕仪）、双轴弯曲强度（球环测试系统）、表面粗糙度（原子力显微镜）、表面纹理（扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)）和元素浓度（能量色散光谱）被评估。SEM 观察表明，老化后，Lava Ultimate 中填料颗粒丢失，IPS e.max ZirCAD 中出现形态变化。陶瓷CAD/CAM材料在力学性能方面优于混合CAD/CAM材料。加速老化过程会导致一些混合 CAD/CAM 材料的机械性能发生变化。因此，在使用混合 CAD/CAM 材料时，了解每种材料的各种属性随时间推移的行为非常重要，并且需要长期跟踪。