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Single-cell mapping of the thymic stroma identifies IL-25-producing tuft epithelial cells
Nature ( IF 64.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0346-1
Chamutal Bornstein 1 , Shir Nevo 1 , Amir Giladi 1 , Noam Kadouri 1 , Marie Pouzolles 2 , François Gerbe 3 , Eyal David 1 , Alice Machado 2 , Anna Chuprin 1 , Beáta Tóth 4 , Ori Goldberg 5 , Shalev Itzkovitz 4 , Naomi Taylor 2 , Philippe Jay 3 , Valérie S Zimmermann 2 , Jakub Abramson 1 , Ido Amit 1
Affiliation  

T cell development and selection are coordinated in the thymus by a specialized niche of diverse stromal populations1–3. Although much progress has been made over the years in identifying the functions of the different cell types of the thymic stromal compartment, there is no comprehensive characterization of their diversity and heterogeneity. Here we combined massively parallel single-cell RNA-sequencing4,5, spatial mapping, chromatin profiling and gene targeting to characterize de novo the entire stromal compartment of the mouse thymus. We identified dozens of cell states, with thymic epithelial cells (TECs) showing the highest degree of heterogeneity. Our analysis highlights four major medullary TEC (mTEC I–IV) populations, with distinct molecular functions, epigenetic landscapes and lineage regulators. Specifically, mTEC IV constitutes a new and highly divergent TEC lineage with molecular characteristics of the gut chemosensory epithelial tuft cells. Mice deficient in Pou2f3, a master regulator of tuft cells, have complete and specific depletion of mTEC IV cells, which results in increased levels of thymus-resident type-2 innate lymphoid cells. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the thymic stroma and identifies a new tuft-like TEC population, which is critical for shaping the immune niche in the thymus.A comprehensive characterization of the thymic stroma identifies a tuft-cell-like thymic epithelial cell population that is critical for shaping the immune niche in the thymus.

中文翻译:

胸腺基质的单细胞作图识别产生 IL-25 的簇状上皮细胞

T 细胞的发育和选择在胸腺中由不同基质群的特殊生态位协调 1-3。尽管多年来在识别胸腺基质室不同细胞类型的功能方面取得了很大进展,但没有对其多样性和异质性的全面表征。在这里,我们结合大规模平行单细胞 RNA 测序 4,5、空间映射、染色质分析和基因靶向来重新表征小鼠胸腺的整个基质区室。我们确定了数十种细胞状态,其中胸腺上皮细胞 (TEC) 显示出最高程度的异质性。我们的分析突出了四种主要的髓质 TEC (mTEC I-IV) 种群,它们具有不同的分子功能、表观遗传景观和谱系调节因子。具体来说,mTEC IV 构成了一个新的、高度不同的 TEC 谱系,具有肠道化学感应上皮簇细胞的分子特征。缺乏Pou2f3(簇细胞的主要调节剂)的小鼠会完全和特异性地消耗mTEC IV细胞,这导致胸腺驻留的2型先天淋巴细胞水平升高。总体而言,我们的研究提供了胸腺基质的全面表征,并确定了一个新的簇状 TEC 群体,这对于塑造胸腺中的免疫生态位至关重要。胸腺基质的全面表征确定了一个簇状细胞样胸腺上皮对塑造胸腺中的免疫生态位至关重要的细胞群。簇细胞的主要调节剂,具有完全和特异性的 mTEC IV 细胞耗竭,这导致胸腺驻留的 2 型先天淋巴细胞水平增加。总体而言,我们的研究提供了胸腺基质的全面表征,并确定了一个新的簇状 TEC 群体,这对于塑造胸腺中的免疫生态位至关重要。胸腺基质的全面表征确定了一个簇状细胞样胸腺上皮对塑造胸腺中的免疫生态位至关重要的细胞群。簇细胞的主要调节剂,具有完全和特异性的 mTEC IV 细胞耗竭,这导致胸腺驻留的 2 型先天淋巴细胞水平增加。总体而言,我们的研究提供了胸腺基质的全面表征,并确定了一个新的簇状 TEC 群体,这对于塑造胸腺中的免疫生态位至关重要。胸腺基质的全面表征确定了一个簇状细胞样胸腺上皮对塑造胸腺中的免疫生态位至关重要的细胞群。
更新日期:2018-07-01
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