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Thiosulphate-induced phytoextraction of mercury in Brassica juncea: Spectroscopic investigations to define a mechanism for Hg uptake
Environmental Pollution ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.065
Jianxu Wang , Christopher W.N. Anderson , Ying Xing , Yuhong Fan , Jicheng Xia , Sabry M. Shaheen , Jörg Rinklebe , Xinbin Feng

Thiosulphate is extensively used to enhance mercury (Hg) phytoextraction due to its efficient in prompting plant Hg uptake. However, the mechanism by which thiosulphate promotes Hg uptake is poorly understood. We determined the concentrations of Hg and potassium (K), and their spatial distribution, in the tissues of Brassica juncea grown in Hg-contaminated soil treated by thiosulphate and compared this to a non-treated soil (control). The spatial distribution of Hg and K was characterized using micro-X ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The subcellular localization and speciation of Hg in the root of plant treatded by thiosulphate were elucidated using Transmission electron microscope coupled energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX) spectroscopy. Thiosulphate increased significantly the Hg concentration in the roots (mainly in the epidermis and xylem) and shoots (mainly in the vascular bundles), while Hg was accumulated in the root (mainly in the epidermis) of the control plant. Thiosulphate promoted the movement of Hg from the epidermis to the xylem of roots, with subsequent loading into the stem via vascular bundles. Thiosulphate decreased the K concentration in plant tissues, relative to the control plant, and we propose this is due to leakage of electrolyte from roots via increased plasma membrane permeability as a consequence of physiological damage caused by the added thiosulphate. Mercury was distributed mainly at the extracellular space in the roots and was shown by TEM-EDX to be predominately amorphous nano-clusters of HgS. We conclude that thiosulphate-promoted Hg accumulation in the plant may happen through increased plasma membrane permeability, a changed pathway of Hg movement within plants, and extracellular co-transportation of Hg-S complexes in the roots. Our results may underpin the ongoing development of phytomanagement as an environmental strategy for Hg contaminated soils around the world.



中文翻译:

硫代硫酸盐诱导芥菜中汞的植物提取:光谱研究确定汞吸收的机制

硫代硫酸盐由于能有效促进植物对汞的吸收而被广泛用于增强汞(Hg)植物的提取。但是,关于硫代硫酸盐促进汞吸收的机理了解甚少。我们确定了芥菜组织中Hg和钾(K)的浓度及其空间分布在硫代硫酸盐处理过的汞污染土壤中生长,并将其与未经处理的土壤进行比较(对照)。汞和钾的空间分布用微X射线荧光光谱法表征。利用透射电子显微镜-能谱-X射线能谱(TEM-EDX)分析了硫代硫酸盐处理后植物根中Hg的亚细胞定位和形态。硫代硫酸盐显着增加了对照植物的根(主要在表皮和木质部)和枝条(主要在维管束)中的Hg浓度,而Hg积累在根部(主要在表皮中)。硫代硫酸盐促进了汞从表皮到根的木质部的移动,随后通过血管束将其加载到茎中。硫代硫酸盐降低了植物组织中的钾浓度,相对于对照植物,我们认为这是由于添加硫代硫酸盐对生理造成的损害,导致电解质从根部通过质膜通透性增加而泄漏。汞主要分布在根部的细胞外空间,并且通过TEM-EDX显示,汞主要是HgS的无定形纳米簇。我们得出的结论是,硫代硫酸盐促进的Hg在植物中的积累可能通过增加的质膜渗透性,Hg在植物内的移动途径的改变以及根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运而发生。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理的持续发展,将其作为全球汞污染土壤的环境战略。我们认为这是由于硫代硫酸盐引起的生理损伤,电解质通过增加质膜通透性而从根部泄漏造成的。汞主要分布在根部的细胞外空间,并且通过TEM-EDX显示汞主要是HgS的非晶态纳米团簇。我们得出的结论是,硫代硫酸盐促进的Hg在植物中的积累可能通过增加的质膜渗透性,Hg在植物内的移动途径的改变以及根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运而发生。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理的持续发展,将其作为全球汞污染土壤的环境战略。我们认为这是由于硫代硫酸盐引起的生理损伤,电解质通过增加质膜通透性而从根部泄漏造成的。汞主要分布在根部的细胞外空间,并且通过TEM-EDX显示汞主要是HgS的非晶态纳米团簇。我们得出的结论是,硫代硫酸盐促进的Hg在植物中的积累可能通过增加的质膜渗透性,Hg在植物内的移动途径的改变以及根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运而发生。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理的持续发展,将其作为全球汞污染土壤的环境战略。汞主要分布在根部的细胞外空间,并且通过TEM-EDX显示汞主要是HgS的非晶态纳米团簇。我们得出的结论是,硫代硫酸盐促进的Hg在植物中的积累可能通过增加的质膜渗透性,Hg在植物内的移动途径的改变以及根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运而发生。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理作为全球汞污染土壤环境战略的持续发展。汞主要分布在根部的细胞外空间,并且通过TEM-EDX显示汞主要是HgS的非晶态纳米团簇。我们得出的结论是,硫代硫酸盐促进的Hg在植物中的积累可能通过增加的质膜渗透性,Hg在植物内的移动途径的改变以及根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运而发生。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理作为全球汞污染土壤环境战略的持续发展。和根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理的持续发展,将其作为全球汞污染土壤的环境战略。和根中Hg-S复合物的细胞外共转运。我们的结果可能会支持植物管理的持续发展,将其作为全球汞污染土壤的环境战略。

更新日期:2018-07-18
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