Background

Air pollution from cooking with solid fuels is a potentially modifiable risk factor for increased blood pressure and may lead to eye irritation.

Objectives

To evaluate whether a climate motivated cookstove intervention reduced blood pressure and eye irritation symptoms in Indian women.

Methods

Households using traditional stoves were randomized to receive a rocket stove or continue using traditional stoves. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and self-reported eye symptoms were measured twice, pre-intervention and at least 124 days post-intervention in women > 25 years old in control (N = 111) and intervention (N = 111) groups in rural Karnataka, India. Daily (24-h) fine particle (PM_2.5) mass and absorbance (Abs) were measured in cooking areas at each visit. Mixed-effect models were used to estimate before-and-after differences in SBP, DBP and eye symptoms.

Results

We observed a lower SBP (−2.0 (−4.5, 0.5) mmHg) and DBP (−1.1 (−2.9, 0.6) mmHg) among exclusive users of intervention stove, although confidence intervals included zero. Stacking or mixed use of intervention and traditional stoves contributed to a small increase in SBP 2.6 (−0.4, 5.7) mmHg) and DBP (1.2 (−0.9, 3.3) mmHg). Exclusive and mixed stove users experienced higher post-intervention reductions, on average, in self-reported eye irritation symptoms for burning sensation in eyes, and eyes look red often compared to control. Median air pollutant concentrations increased post-intervention in all stove groups, with the lowest median PM_2.5 increase in the exclusive intervention stove group.

Conclusions

Health benefits were limited due to stacking and lower-than-predicted efficiency of the intervention stove in the field. Stove adoption and use behavior, in addition to stove technology, affects achievement of health co-benefits. Carbon-financing schemes need to align with international guidelines that have been set based on health outcomes to maximize health co-benefits from cookstove interventions.

中文翻译：

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在印度农村进行的气候资助的随机炉灶干预研究中，对血压和眼睛健康症状的影响

背景

使用固体燃料烹饪而产生的空气污染可能是导致血压升高的潜在风险因素，并可能导致眼睛刺激。

目标

评估气候驱动的炉灶干预是否可以降低印度女性的血压和眼睛刺激症状。

方法

使用传统炉灶的家庭被随机分配接受火箭炉灶或继续使用传统炉灶。对照，干预（N = 111）> 25岁的女性在干预前和干预后至少124天测量了两次收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）以及自我报告的眼部症状= 111）印度卡纳塔克邦农村地区的团体。每次访问时，都要在烹饪区域中测量每日（24小时）细颗粒（PM _2.5）的质量和吸光度（Abs）。混合效应模型用于估计SBP，DBP和眼睛症状前后的差异。

结果

尽管置信区间为零，但我们观察到干预炉专用用户的SBP（-2.0（-4.5，0.5）mmHg）和DBP（-1.1（-2.9，0.6）mmHg）较低。干预措施和传统炉灶的堆叠或混合使用导致SBP 2.6（-0.4，5.7）mmHg和DBP（1.2（-0.9，3.3）mmHg）有所增加。独占炉灶和混合灶使用者在自我报告的眼睛刺激性症状中平均会出现较高的干预后减少症状，这些症状会引起眼睛灼热感，并且与对照组相比，眼睛通常看起来发红。干预后所有炉子组中的空气污染物浓度中位数均增加，而专用干预炉子组中PM _2.5的中位数增幅最低。

结论

由于现场堆放和干预炉的效率低于预期，健康益处受到限制。除炉灶技术外，炉灶的采用和使用行为还会影响健康共同收益的实现。碳融资计划需要与基于健康结果制定的国际准则保持一致，以最大程度地提高烹饪炉灶干预带来的健康共同利益。