Multi-Criteria Decision Aid methods are used to find the best option from a set of alternatives when multiple and conflicting criteria have to be optimized simultaneously. The evaluation of the suitability or risk of each alternative is usually performed by assigning a numerical value. However, sometimes the data required to measure a criterion may be found in the form of semantic values such as tags. This paper proposes a methodology to calculate the strength of an outranking relation for a pair of alternatives using semantic criteria following the principles of ELECTRE-III (i.e. by means of concordance and discordance indices). The preferences about semantic data are represented in an ontology by means of objective and subjective functions. The paper explains how this new methodology was applied to analyse different electricity generation technologies using environmental and economic criteria. Two scenarios are tested to show how semantic criteria may influence the final decision.

当必须同时优化多个冲突标准时，可使用多标准决策辅助方法从一组替代方案中找到最佳选择。通常通过分配数值来评估每个替代方案的适用性或风险。但是，有时可以以诸如标签之类的语义值的形式找到测量标准所需的数据。本文提出了一种方法，该方法使用语义标准遵循ELECTRE-III的原理（即，通过和合和不和索引）来计算一对备选方案的排位关系的强度。关于语义数据的偏好是通过客观和主观功能在本体中表示的。本文解释了这种新方法是如何应用到使用环境和经济标准来分析不同的发电技术的。测试了两种情况，以显示语义标准如何影响最终决定。