Engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been demonstrated for repairing peripheral nerve injuries. However, there remains a need for an advanced biofabrication system to build NGCs with complex architectures, tunable material properties, and customizable geometrical control. Here, a rapid continuous 3D-printing platform was developed to print customizable NGCs with unprecedented resolution, speed, flexibility, and scalability. A variety of NGC designs varying in complexity and size were created including a life-size biomimetic branched human facial NGC. In vivo implantation of NGCs with microchannels into complete sciatic nerve transections of mouse models demonstrated the effective directional guidance of regenerating sciatic nerves via branching into the microchannels and extending toward the distal end of the injury site. Histological staining and immunostaining further confirmed the progressive directional nerve regeneration and branching behavior across the entire NGC length. Observational and functional tests, including the von Frey threshold test and thermal test, showed promising recovery of motor function and sensation in the ipsilateral limbs grafted with the 3D-printed NGCs.

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快速连续 3D 打印可定制的周围神经引导导管

工程神经引导导管（NGC）已被证明可用于修复周围神经损伤。然而，仍然需要先进的生物制造系统来构建具有复杂架构、可调材料特性和可定制几何控制的 NGC。这里开发了一个快速连续 3D 打印平台，以前所未有的分辨率、速度、灵活性和可扩展性打印可定制的 NGC。创建了各种复杂性和大小各异的 NGC 设计，包括真人大小的仿生分支人类面部 NGC。将带有微通道的NGC体内植入小鼠模型的完整坐骨神经横断面中，证明了通过分支到微通道并向损伤部位的远端延伸来有效定向引导坐骨神经再生。组织学染色和免疫染色进一步证实了整个 NGC 长度上的渐进定向神经再生和分支行为。观察和功能测试，包括 von Frey 阈值测试和热测试，显示移植有 3D 打印 NGC 的同侧肢体的运动功能和感觉有望恢复。