Protein modification with polymers has led to intriguing and new types of bioconjugates. They combine the tunable physicochemical properties of the polymers with the specific biological activity of the proteins. These unique attributes of protein-polymer conjugates render them interesting and useful in biomedicine. However, the application potential of protein-polymer conjugates is limited by the mostly non-selective protein modification with polymers due to the lack of site-selective protein modification technology. Recent advances in site-selective protein modification and controlled polymerization have made it possible to modify proteins with polymers in a site-selective and controlled manner. In this review, recent advances in site-selective protein modification with polymers are depicted in five parts as follows: site-selective protein modification; site-selective polymer modification; site-selective in situ growth of polymers from proteins; biosafety of polymers; and biomedical applications. Site-selective protein-polymer conjugates are superior to non-selective ones in precise control of structures and functions, which makes them more interesting for advanced biomedical applications ranging from protein delivery to diagnostics. Particularly, important examples in this regard are highlighted in this review. Additionally, major challenges and future directions in this emerging research field are also discussed in the perspective section of this review.

用聚合物对蛋白质进行修饰已经引起了人们的兴趣和新型的生物缀合物。它们将聚合物的可调节理化特性与蛋白质的特定生物活性结合在一起。蛋白质-聚合物结合物的这些独特属性使它们在生物医学中变得有趣和有用。然而，由于缺乏位点选择性蛋白质修饰技术，蛋白质-聚合物缀合物的应用潜力受到聚合物的大部分非选择性蛋白质修饰的限制。位点选择性蛋白质修饰和受控聚合的最新进展使得以位点选择性和受控方式用聚合物修饰蛋白质成为可能。在这篇综述中，用聚合物对位点选择性蛋白质进行修饰的最新进展分为五个部分，内容如下：位点选择性蛋白质修饰；位置选择性聚合物改性；蛋白质中聚合物的定点选择性原位生长；聚合物的生物安全性；和生物医学应用。定点蛋白质-聚合物共轭物在结构和功能的精确控制方面优于非选择性共轭物，这使得它们对于从蛋白质递送到诊断的先进生物医学应用更加有趣。特别是，本次审查着重指出了这方面的重要例子。此外，本综述的观点部分还讨论了这个新兴研究领域的主要挑战和未来方向。这使它们对于从蛋白质递送到诊断的先进生物医学应用更加有趣。特别是，本次审查着重指出了这方面的重要例子。此外，本综述的观点部分还讨论了这个新兴研究领域的主要挑战和未来方向。这使它们对于从蛋白质递送到诊断的先进生物医学应用更加有趣。特别是，本次审查着重指出了这方面的重要例子。此外，本综述的观点部分还讨论了这个新兴研究领域的主要挑战和未来方向。