The use of functional nanofillers to improve the properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams has caused the need for a better understanding of how these nanofillers modify the reaction kinetic of the PU system. In this study, different nanoclays and nanosilicas are used as functional nanofillers. Analysis of the kinetic data obtained by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy monitoring allows to correlate the isocyanate consumption with the type of nanoparticles. The quantification of urethane and urea, obtained by deconvolution of the carbonyl region absorptions, enables to follow the blowing and gelling reactions during the foaming process. These reactions are correlated to the nature of the chemical groups present on the surface of the nanoparticles added. In addition, the effect of the modification of the reaction kinetics on the density, cellular structure, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties is herein discussed.

使用功能性纳米填料来改善硬质聚氨酯（PU）泡沫的性能，导致需要更好地了解这些纳米填料如何改变PU系统的反应动力学。在这项研究中，不同的纳米粘土和纳米二氧化硅被用作功能性纳米填料。通过原位获得的动力学数据分析FTIR光谱监测允许将异氰酸酯的消耗与纳米颗粒的类型相关联。通过羰基区域吸收的反卷积获得的尿烷和尿素的定量，可以跟踪发泡过程中的发泡和胶凝反应。这些反应与添加的纳米颗粒表面上存在的化学基团的性质有关。另外，本文讨论了反应动力学的改变对密度，泡孔结构，热导率和机械性能的影响。