当前位置:
X-MOL 学术
›
Faraday Discuss.
›
论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Real-time in situ dynamic sub-surface imaging of multi-component electrodeposited films using event mode neutron reflectivity
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-13 , DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00084k A. Robert Hillman 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Robert Barker 5, 6, 7, 8 , Robert M. Dalgliesh 5, 9, 10, 11 , Virginia C. Ferreira 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , Emma J. R. Palin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Rachel M. Sapstead 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Emma L. Smith 2, 5, 17, 18, 19 , Nina-Juliane Steinke 5, 9, 10, 11 , Karl S. Ryder 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Andrew D. Ballantyne 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-13 , DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00084k A. Robert Hillman 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Robert Barker 5, 6, 7, 8 , Robert M. Dalgliesh 5, 9, 10, 11 , Virginia C. Ferreira 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 , Emma J. R. Palin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Rachel M. Sapstead 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Emma L. Smith 2, 5, 17, 18, 19 , Nina-Juliane Steinke 5, 9, 10, 11 , Karl S. Ryder 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Andrew D. Ballantyne 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation
Exquisite control of the electrodeposition of metal films and coatings is critical to a number of high technology and manufacturing industries, delivering functionality as diverse as anti-corrosion and anti-wear coatings, electronic device interconnects and energy storage. The frequent involvement of more than one metal motivates the capability to control, maintain and monitor spatial disposition of the component metals, whether as multilayers, alloys or composites. Here we investigate the deposition, evolution and dissolution of single and two-component metal layers involving Ag, Cu, and Sn on Au substrates immersed in the deep eutectic solvent (DES) Ethaline. During galvanostatically controlled stripping of the metals from two-component systems the potential signature in simultaneous thickness electrochemical potential (STEP) measurements provides identification of the dissolving metal; coulometric assay of deposition efficiency is an additional outcome. When combined with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) frequency responses, the mass change : charge ratio provides oxidation state data; this is significant for Cu in the high chloride environment provided by Ethaline. The spatial distribution (solvent penetration and external roughness) of multiple components in bilayer systems is provided by specular neutron reflectivity (NR). Significantly, the use of the recently established event mode capability shortens the observational timescale of the NR measurements by an order of magnitude, permitting dynamic in situ observations on practically useful timescales. Ag,Cu bilayers of both spatial configurations give identical STEP signatures indicating that, despite the extremely low layer porosity, thermodynamic constraints (rather than spatial accessibility) dictate reactivity; thus, surprisingly, Cu dissolves first in both instances. Sn penetrates the Au electrode on the timescale of deposition; this can be prevented by interposing a layer of either Ag or Cu.
中文翻译:
基于事件模式中子反射率的多组分电沉积薄膜实时原位动态亚表面成像
精确控制金属膜和涂层的电沉积对于许多高科技和制造业至关重要,其功能包括防腐蚀和抗磨涂层,电子设备互连和能量存储等。多于一种金属的频繁参与激发了控制,维持和监视金属成分(无论是多层,合金还是复合材料)的空间布置的能力。在这里,我们研究了浸在深共熔溶剂(Ethaline)中的Au基底上,涉及Ag,Cu和Sn的单组分和两组分金属层的沉积,演化和溶解。在通过恒流控制从两组分系统中剥离金属的过程中,同时进行厚度电化学电势(STEP)测量时的电势特征可识别出溶解的金属。库仑分析沉积效率是另一个结果。当与石英晶体微量天平(QCM)频率响应结合使用时,质量变化:电荷比提供氧化态数据;这对于Ethaline提供的高氯化物环境中的Cu具有重要意义。双层系统中多个组分的空间分布(溶剂渗透和外部粗糙度)由镜面中子反射率(NR)提供。重要的是,使用最近建立的事件模式功能会将NR测量的观测时间尺度缩短了一个数量级,在实际有用的时间尺度上进行原位观测。两种空间构型的Ag,Cu双层都具有相同的STEP标记,表明尽管层的孔隙率极低,但热力学约束(而非空间可及性)决定了反应性。因此,令人惊讶的是,在两种情况下,Cu都会先溶解。Sn在沉积的时间尺度上穿透Au电极;可以通过插入一层Ag或Cu来防止这种情况。
更新日期:2018-10-10
中文翻译:
基于事件模式中子反射率的多组分电沉积薄膜实时原位动态亚表面成像
精确控制金属膜和涂层的电沉积对于许多高科技和制造业至关重要,其功能包括防腐蚀和抗磨涂层,电子设备互连和能量存储等。多于一种金属的频繁参与激发了控制,维持和监视金属成分(无论是多层,合金还是复合材料)的空间布置的能力。在这里,我们研究了浸在深共熔溶剂(Ethaline)中的Au基底上,涉及Ag,Cu和Sn的单组分和两组分金属层的沉积,演化和溶解。在通过恒流控制从两组分系统中剥离金属的过程中,同时进行厚度电化学电势(STEP)测量时的电势特征可识别出溶解的金属。库仑分析沉积效率是另一个结果。当与石英晶体微量天平(QCM)频率响应结合使用时,质量变化:电荷比提供氧化态数据;这对于Ethaline提供的高氯化物环境中的Cu具有重要意义。双层系统中多个组分的空间分布(溶剂渗透和外部粗糙度)由镜面中子反射率(NR)提供。重要的是,使用最近建立的事件模式功能会将NR测量的观测时间尺度缩短了一个数量级,在实际有用的时间尺度上进行原位观测。两种空间构型的Ag,Cu双层都具有相同的STEP标记,表明尽管层的孔隙率极低,但热力学约束(而非空间可及性)决定了反应性。因此,令人惊讶的是,在两种情况下,Cu都会先溶解。Sn在沉积的时间尺度上穿透Au电极;可以通过插入一层Ag或Cu来防止这种情况。