当前位置: X-MOL 学术J. Dairy Sci. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Validating intrinsic markers and optimizing spot sampling frequency to estimate fecal outputs
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-12 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14717
D.L. Morris , L.R. Rebelo , P.A. Dieter , C. Lee

Indirect methods of spot sampling with intrinsic markers to estimate fecal output and nutrient digestibility often have been used in dairy nutrition research as alternatives to total collection of feces (TC) because of labor and expense. However, fecal output and nutrient digestibility estimated from the indirect method must be accurate regardless of altering dietary conditions. This experiment was designed to validate the accuracy of using indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as intrinsic markers to estimate fecal outputs and nutrient digestibility compared with TC and to determine the optimal number of spot sampling events to accurately determine fecal output and then nutrient excretion. The experiment used 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows in a randomized complete block design. Cows were blocked by days in milk and milk yield and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diets: a diet containing about 49% corn silage on a dry matter basis and a diet containing about 48% alfalfa silage with high by-product (soyhulls) and supplemental K. During the final 3 d of 21-d periods, TC was performed, and 12 spot samples were collected for the same 3 d to represent every 2 h in a 24-h cycle. Fecal outputs and nutrient digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or nitrogen estimated with iNDF or AIA as an intrinsic marker were compared with TC. Overall, fecal outputs and digestibility estimated with iNDF were similar to that estimated with TC, whereas AIA overestimated fecal output by 44 to 61% and underestimated nutrient digestibilities by 16 to 32%. However, potential differences in statistical inference of dietary effects between iNDF and TC were found. Data from individual spot samples were aggregated to represent spot sampling frequencies of 12 (SP12), 6 (SP6), 4 (SP4), or 2 (SP2) evenly spaced events starting at feeding time. Compared with TC, SP12 produced similar fecal content of iNDF, organic matter, and nitrogen, but fecal AIA content was greater. Furthermore, compared with SP12, SP6 produced similar fecal content of all nutrients, whereas marker and nutrient concentrations in SP4 and SP2 were different. In this experiment, iNDF was a better fecal marker than AIA, and a spot sampling frequency of at least 6 events was necessary. However, interpretation of dietary effects could be confounded when iNDF was used to estimate fecal outputs.



中文翻译:

验证内在标记并优化点采样频率以估计粪便输出

乳制品营养研究中经常使用带有内在标记的间接采样方法来估计粪便的产量和营养物质的消化率,这是人工和费用的一种替代方法,可作为粪便(TC)总收集的替代方法。但是,无论饮食条件如何变化,通过间接方法估算的粪便产量和营养物质消化率都必须准确。本实验旨在验证使用不易消化的中性洗涤剂纤维(iNDF)或酸不溶性灰烬(AIA)作为内在标志物估算与TC相比粪便产量和养分消化率的准确性,并确定点采样事件的最佳数量以准确确定排泄物,然后排泄养分。该实验在随机完整区组设计中使用了12头多胎泌乳荷斯坦奶牛。奶牛被牛奶和产奶量所限制,被随机分配到2种日粮中的1种:以干物质为基础的日粮中含有约49%的玉米青贮饲料,以副产品(大豆体)为基础的日粮中含有约48%苜蓿青贮的饲料。在21天的最后3天中,进行了TC,并在相同的3天中收集了12个点样,代表24小时内每2小时一次。将以iNDF或AIA作为内在标志物估算的干物质,有机物质或氮的粪便产量和养分消化率与TC进行了比较。总体而言,iNDF估计的粪便产量和消化率与TC估计的相似,而AIA将粪便产量高估44%至61%,营养物质消化率低估16%至32%。然而,在iNDF和TC之间的饮食影响的统计推断中发现了潜在的差异。汇总来自各个斑点样品的数据,以代表从进料时间开始均匀间隔的事件(12(SP12),6(SP6),4(SP4)或2(SP2))的斑点采样频率。与TC相比,SP12产生的粪便中iNDF,有机物和氮的含量相似,但粪便AIA含量更高。此外,与SP12相比,SP6的粪便中所有养分含量相似,而SP4和SP2中的标志物和养分含量却不同。在该实验中,iNDF是比AIA更好的粪便标记物,并且至少需要6次事件的点采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。汇总来自各个斑点样品的数据,以代表从进料时间开始均匀间隔的事件(12(SP12),6(SP6),4(SP4)或2(SP2))的斑点采样频率。与TC相比,SP12产生的粪便中iNDF,有机物和氮的含量相似,但粪便AIA含量更高。此外,与SP12相比,SP6的粪便中所有养分含量相似,而SP4和SP2中的标志物和养分含量却不同。在该实验中,iNDF是比AIA更好的粪便标记物,并且至少需要6次事件的点采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。汇总来自各个斑点样品的数据,以代表从进料时间开始均匀间隔的事件(12(SP12),6(SP6),4(SP4)或2(SP2))的斑点采样频率。与TC相比,SP12产生的粪便中iNDF,有机物和氮的含量相似,但粪便AIA含量更高。此外,与SP12相比,SP6的粪便中所有养分含量相似,而SP4和SP2中的标志物和养分含量却不同。在该实验中,iNDF是比AIA更好的粪便标记物,并且至少需要6次事件的点采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。SP12产生的粪便中iNDF,有机物和氮的含量相似,但粪便AIA含量更高。此外,与SP12相比,SP6的粪便中所有养分含量相似,而SP4和SP2中的标志物和养分含量却不同。在该实验中,iNDF是比AIA更好的粪便标记物,并且至少需要6次事件的点采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。SP12产生的粪便中iNDF,有机物和氮的含量相似,但粪便AIA含量更高。此外,与SP12相比,SP6的粪便中所有养分含量相似,而SP4和SP2中的标志物和养分含量却不同。在该实验中,iNDF是比AIA更好的粪便标记物,并且至少需要6次事件的点采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。并且至少需要6次事件的现场采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。并且至少需要6次事件的现场采样频率。但是,当使用iNDF估算粪便产量时,可能会混淆饮食效果的解释。

更新日期:2018-07-14
down
wechat
bug