Routine exposure to inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) that are incorporated into consumer products such as foods/drinks, packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (e.g. cosmetics, sunscreens, shampoos) occurs on a daily basis. The standard everyday use of these products facilitates interactions between the incorporated inorganic NPs, mammalian tissues (e.g. skin, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity), and the community of microbes that resides on these tissues. Changes to the microbiome have been linked to the initiation/ progression of many diseases and there is a growing interest focused on understanding how inorganic NPs can initiate these changes. As these mechanisms are revealed and defined, it may be possible to rationally design microbiotamodulating therapies based on inorganic NPs. In this article, we will: (i) provide a background on inorganic NPs that are commonly found in consumer products such as those that incorporate titanium, zinc, silver, silica, or iron, (ii) discuss how NP properties, microbiota composition, and the physiological microenvironment can mediate the effects that inorganic NPs have on the microbiota, and (iii) highlight opportunities for inorganic NP therapies that are designed to interact with, and navigate, the microbiome.

日常会日常摄入掺入消费品（例如食品/饮料，包装材料，药品和个人护理产品（例如化妆品，防晒霜，洗发剂））中的无机纳米颗粒（NPs）。这些产品的标准日常使用促进了掺入的无机NP，哺乳动物组织（例如皮肤，胃肠道，口腔）以及驻留在这些组织上的微生物群落之间的相互作用。微生物组的变化与许多疾病的发生/发展有关，人们越来越关注了解无机NP如何引发这些变化。随着这些机制的揭示和定义，可能有可能合理设计基于无机NP的微生物调节疗法。在本文中，我们将：