Flavonoids are plant‐derived dietary components with a substantial impact on human health. Research has expanded massively since it began in the 1930s, and the complex pathways involved in bioavailability of flavonoids in the human body are now well understood. In recent years, it has been appreciated that the gut microbiome plays a major role in flavonoid action, but much progress still needs to be made in this area. Since the first publications on the health effects of flavonoids, their action is understood to protect against various stresses, but the mechanism of action has evolved from the now debunked simple direct antioxidant hypothesis into an understanding of the complex effects on molecular targets and enzymes in specific cell types. This review traces the development of the field over the past 8 decades, and indicates the current state of the art, and how it was reached. Future recommendations based on this historical analysis are (a) to focus on key areas of flavonoid action, (b) to perform human intervention studies focusing on bioavailability and protective effects, and (c) to carry out cellular in vitro experiments using appropriate cells together with the chemical form of the flavonoid found at the site of action; this could be the native form of compounds found in the food for studies on digestion and the intestine, the conjugated metabolites found in the blood after absorption in the small intestine for studies on cells, or the chemical forms found in the blood and tissues after catabolism by the gut microbiota.

中文翻译：

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膳食类黄酮的生物利用度，转运和生物活性：历史回顾

黄酮类化合物是植物来源的饮食成分，会对人体健康产生重大影响。自1930年代开始以来，研究得到了巨大的发展，并且人们对黄酮类化合物在人体中的生物利用度所涉及的复杂途径已广为人知。近年来，人们认识到肠道微生物组在类黄酮作用中起着重要作用，但是在这一领域仍需要取得很大进展。自从第一批关于类黄酮对健康的影响的出版物发表以来，人们就认为它们的作用可以抵抗各种压力，但是作用机理已经从现在被揭穿的简单直接抗氧化剂假设演变为对分子靶标和特定酶的复杂作用的理解。单元格类型。本文回顾了过去8年中该领域的发展情况，并指出当前的技术水平，以及达到的方式。基于该历史分析的未来建议是（a）着重于类黄酮作用的关键领域，（b）进行着眼于生物利用度和保护作用的人类干预研究，以及（c）进行细胞使用适当的细胞以及在作用部位发现的类黄酮的化学形式进行体外实验；这可能是在食物中用于消化和肠道研究的天然形式的化合物，在小肠中被吸收后用于细胞研究的血液中发现的结合代谢物，或分解代谢后在血液和组织中发现的化学形式由肠道菌群。