Dyes have been used for more than twenty thousand years in textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and photographic industries, among others. Despite their importance in these applications, dyes can be toxic and resistant to many degradation processes used in wastewater treatment plants. Although a large number of dyes have been released in the environments in high amounts, studies into the environmental toxicity of these substances are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of textile dyes Disperse Red 60, Disperse Red 73 and Disperse Red 78 in zebrafish early life stages. To this end, biochemical biomarkers were selected to evaluate non-enzimatic antioxidant (Total Glutathione), antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione S-transferase and Catalase), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase) and energetic metabolism parameters (energy available and energy consumed) after 96 h exposure to these dyes. Our results demonstrated that these disperse dyes induce biochemical alterations in zebrafish embryos at environmental realistic concentrations and that the discharge of these disperse dyes into water bodies should be carefully evaluated. The selected biomarkers were sensitive as early-warning endpoints of disperse dyes toxicity on zebrafish embryos. Implications for risk assessment and indications for future research are discussed.

染料在纺织，制药，食品，化妆品和照相业等领域已使用了两万多年。尽管它们在这些应用中很重要，但染料仍可能有毒，并且对废水处理厂中使用的许多降解过程具有抵抗力。尽管大量染料已在环境中大量释放，但仍缺乏对这些物质的环境毒性的研究。这项研究的目的是评估斑马鱼生命早期纺织品染料Disperse Red 60，Disperse Red 73和Disperse Red 78的潜在毒性作用。为此，选择了生化生物标记物以评估非酶促抗氧化剂（总谷胱甘肽），抗氧化酶（谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和过氧化氢酶），氧化应激（脂质过氧化），暴露于这些染料96小时后，神经传递（乙酰胆碱酯酶）和能量代谢参数（可用能量和消耗的能量）。我们的结果表明，这些分散染料在环境实际浓度下会引起斑马鱼胚胎中的生化变化，因此应仔细评估这些分散染料向水体中的排放。所选的生物标志物对斑马鱼胚胎上的分散染料毒性的预警终点敏感。讨论了风险评估的含义和未来研究的迹象。我们的结果表明，这些分散染料在环境实际浓度下会引起斑马鱼胚胎中的生化变化，因此应仔细评估这些分散染料向水体中的排放。所选的生物标志物对斑马鱼胚胎上的分散染料毒性的预警终点敏感。讨论了风险评估的含义和未来研究的迹象。我们的结果表明，这些分散染料在环境实际浓度下会引起斑马鱼胚胎中的生化变化，因此应仔细评估这些分散染料向水体中的排放。所选的生物标志物对斑马鱼胚胎上的分散染料毒性的预警终点敏感。讨论了风险评估的含义和未来研究的迹象。