Silicon oxycarbides can be considered as being carbon‐containing silicates consisting of glass networks in which oxygen and carbon share bonds with silicon. The carbon‐for‐oxygen substitution in silicate glass networks has been shown to induce significant changes in the network connectivity and consequently strong improvements in the properties of the silicate glass network. For instance, SiOC glasses exhibit Young's moduli, hardness values, glass transition, and crystallization temperatures which are superior to those of vitreous silica. Moreover, the silicon oxycarbide glass network exhibits unique structural features such as reduced mass fractal dimension and nano‐heterogeneity, which significantly affect and/or dictate its properties and behavior. In the present Review, a consideration of the current state of the art concerning the synthesis, processing, and various structural and functional properties of silicon‐oxycarbide‐based glasses and glass‐ceramics is done. Thus, the synthesis of silicon oxycarbides starting from macromolecular precursors such as polysiloxanes or alkoxysilanes‐based sol‐gel systems as well as current advances related to their processing will be critically reviewed. In addition, various structural and functional properties of silicon oxycarbides are presented. Specific emphasis will be put on the intimate correlation between the molecular architecture of the precursors and the structural features and properties of the resulting silicon oxycarbides.

中文翻译：

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碳氧化硅玻璃和微晶玻璃：用于先进结构和功能应用的“全能”材料

碳氧化硅可以被认为是由玻璃网络组成的含碳硅酸盐，其中氧和碳与硅共享键。硅酸盐玻璃网络中的碳氧取代已被证明会引起网络连接性的显着变化，从而显着改善硅酸盐玻璃网络的性能。例如，SiOC 玻璃表现出优于石英玻璃的杨氏模量、硬度值、玻璃化转变温度和结晶温度。此外，碳氧化硅玻璃网络表现出独特的结构特征，例如质量分形维数降低和纳米异质性，这会显着影响和/或决定其性质和行为。在本次审查中，对碳氧化硅基玻璃和玻璃陶瓷的合成、加工以及各种结构和功能特性的当前技术水平进行了考虑。因此，将从大分子前体（如聚硅氧烷或烷氧基硅烷基溶胶-凝胶系统）开始合成碳氧化硅以及与其加工相关的当前进展将受到严格审查。此外，还介绍了碳氧化硅的各种结构和功能特性。将特别强调前体的分子结构与所得碳氧化硅的结构特征和性质之间的密切相关性。将从大分子前体（如聚硅氧烷或烷氧基硅烷基溶胶-凝胶系统）开始合成碳氧化硅以及与其加工相关的当前进展将受到严格审查。此外，还介绍了碳氧化硅的各种结构和功能特性。将特别强调前体的分子结构与所得碳氧化硅的结构特征和性质之间的密切相关性。将从大分子前体（如聚硅氧烷或烷氧基硅烷基溶胶-凝胶系统）开始合成碳氧化硅以及与其加工相关的当前进展将受到严格审查。此外，还介绍了碳氧化硅的各种结构和功能特性。将特别强调前体的分子结构与所得碳氧化硅的结构特征和性质之间的密切相关性。