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North Pacific freshwater events linked to changes in glacial ocean circulation
Nature ( IF 64.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0276-y
E. Maier , X. Zhang , A. Abelmann , R. Gersonde , S. Mulitza , M. Werner , M. Méheust , J. Ren , B. Chapligin , H. Meyer , R. Stein , R. Tiedemann , G. Lohmann

There is compelling evidence that episodic deposition of large volumes of freshwater into the oceans strongly influenced global ocean circulation and climate variability during glacial periods1,2. In the North Atlantic region, episodes of massive freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic Ocean were related to distinct cold periods known as Heinrich Stadials1–3. By contrast, the freshwater history of the North Pacific region remains unclear, giving rise to persistent debates about the existence and possible magnitude of climate links between the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans during Heinrich Stadials4,5. Here we find that there was a strong connection between changes in North Atlantic circulation during Heinrich Stadials and injections of freshwater from the North American Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the northeastern North Pacific. Our record of diatom δ18O (a measure of the ratio of the stable oxygen isotopes 18O and 16O) over the past 50,000 years shows a decrease in surface seawater δ18O of two to three per thousand, corresponding to a decline in salinity of roughly two to four practical salinity units. This coincided with enhanced deposition of ice-rafted debris and a slight cooling of the sea surface in the northeastern North Pacific during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 4, but not during Heinrich Stadial 3. Furthermore, results from our isotope-enabled model6 suggest that warming of the eastern Equatorial Pacific during Heinrich Stadials was crucial for transmitting the North Atlantic signal to the northeastern North Pacific, where the associated subsurface warming resulted in a discernible freshwater discharge from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 4. However, enhanced background cooling across the northern high latitudes during Heinrich Stadial 3—the coldest period in the past 50,000 years7—prevented subsurface warming of the northeastern North Pacific and thus increased freshwater discharge from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. In combination, our results show that nonlinear ocean–atmosphere background interactions played a complex role in the dynamics linking the freshwater discharge responses of the North Atlantic and North Pacific during glacial periods.Sediment-core and modelling analyses suggest that, during distinct cold periods known as Heinrich Stadials, changes in ocean circulation in the North Atlantic triggered discharge of freshwater from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet into the North Pacific.

中文翻译:

与冰川海洋环流变化有关的北太平洋淡水事件

有令人信服的证据表明,大量淡水进入海洋的间歇性沉积强烈影响了冰河时期的全球海洋环流和气候变化 1,2。在北大西洋地区,大量淡水排放到北大西洋与被称为 Heinrich Stadials1-3 的不同寒冷时期有关。相比之下,北太平洋地区的淡水历史仍不清楚,这引发了关于 Heinrich Stadials4,5 期间北太平洋和北大西洋之间气候联系的存在和可能程度的持续辩论。在这里,我们发现 Heinrich Stadials 期间北大西洋环流的变化与从北美科迪勒拉冰盖向北太平洋东北部注入淡水之间存在密切联系。我们在过去 50,000 年中对硅藻 δ18O(稳定氧同位素 18O 和 16O 的比率的测量)的记录显示,表层海水 δ18O 减少了千分之二到三,对应于盐度下降了大约两到四实用的盐度单位。这与在 Heinrich Stadials 1 和 4 期间,但在 Heinrich Stadial 3 期间,冰筏碎片沉积的增强和北太平洋东北部海面的轻微冷却相吻合。 此外,我们启用同位素的模型 6 的结果表明在 Heinrich Stadials 期间,赤道东太平洋对于将北大西洋信号传输到北太平洋东北部至关重要,在那里相关的地下变暖导致在 Heinrich Stadials 1 和 4 期间从科迪勒拉冰盖可辨别的淡水排放。然而,在 Heinrich Stadial 3(过去 50,000 年中最冷的时期 7)期间北部高纬度地区的背景冷却增强,阻止了北太平洋东北部的地下变暖,从而增加了科迪勒拉冰盖的淡水排放。结合起来,我们的结果表明,非线性海洋 - 大气背景相互作用在冰川期北大西洋和北太平洋淡水排放响应的动力学中发挥了复杂的作用。 沉积物核心和建模分析表明,在已知的不同寒冷时期作为 Heinrich Stadials,北大西洋海洋环流的变化引发了淡水从科迪勒拉冰盖排放到北太平洋。在 Heinrich Stadial 3(过去 50,000 年中最冷的时期 7)期间北部高纬度地区的背景冷却增强,阻止了北太平洋东北部的地下变暖,从而增加了科迪勒拉冰盖的淡水排放。结合起来,我们的结果表明,非线性海洋 - 大气背景相互作用在冰川期北大西洋和北太平洋淡水排放响应的动力学中发挥了复杂的作用。 沉积物核心和建模分析表明,在已知的不同寒冷时期作为 Heinrich Stadials,北大西洋海洋环流的变化引发了淡水从科迪勒拉冰盖排放到北太平洋。在 Heinrich Stadial 3(过去 50,000 年中最冷的时期 7)期间北部高纬度地区的背景冷却增强,阻止了北太平洋东北部的地下变暖,从而增加了科迪勒拉冰盖的淡水排放。结合起来,我们的结果表明,非线性海洋 - 大气背景相互作用在冰川期北大西洋和北太平洋淡水排放响应的动力学中发挥了复杂的作用。 沉积物核心和建模分析表明,在已知的不同寒冷时期作为 Heinrich Stadials,北大西洋海洋环流的变化引发了淡水从科迪勒拉冰盖排放到北太平洋。000 年7——阻止了北太平洋东北部的地下变暖,从而增加了科迪勒拉冰盖的淡水排放。结合起来,我们的结果表明,非线性海洋 - 大气背景相互作用在冰川期北大西洋和北太平洋淡水排放响应的动力学中发挥了复杂的作用。 沉积物核心和建模分析表明,在已知的不同寒冷时期作为 Heinrich Stadials,北大西洋海洋环流的变化引发了淡水从科迪勒拉冰盖排放到北太平洋。000 年7——阻止了北太平洋东北部的地下变暖,从而增加了科迪勒拉冰盖的淡水排放。结合起来,我们的结果表明,非线性海洋 - 大气背景相互作用在冰川期北大西洋和北太平洋淡水排放响应的动力学中发挥了复杂的作用。 沉积物核心和建模分析表明,在已知的不同寒冷时期作为 Heinrich Stadials,北大西洋海洋环流的变化引发了淡水从科迪勒拉冰盖排放到北太平洋。
更新日期:2018-07-01
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