As the popularity of fuel cell vehicles continues to rise in the global market, production and supply of low-carbon hydrogen are important to mitigate CO₂ emissions. We propose a design for a hydrogen refueling station with a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEM-EL)-based electrolysis system (EL-System) and photovoltaic generation (PV) to supply low-carbon hydrogen. Hydrogen is produced by the EL-System using electricity from PV and the power grid. The system was formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to allow analysis of optimal operational strategies. Case studies with different objective functions, CO₂ emission targets, and capacity utilization of the EL-System were evaluated. Efficiency characteristics of the EL-System were obtained through measurements. The optimized operational strategies were evaluated with reference to three evaluation indices: CO₂ emissions, capacity utilization, and operational cost of the system. The results were as follows: 1) Regardless of the objective function, the EL-System generally operated in highest efficiency state, and optimal operation depended on the efficiency characteristics of the EL-System; 2) mitigation of CO₂ emissions and increase in capacity utilization of the EL-System required trade-offs; and 3) increased capacity utilization of the EL-System showed two opposing effects on hydrogen retail price.

随着燃料电池汽车在全球市场中的受欢迎程度持续上升，低碳氢的生产和供应对于减轻CO ₂排放至关重要。我们提出了一种基于氢的加氢站的设计方案，该站采用基于质子交换膜电解器（PEM-EL）的电解系统（EL-System）和光伏发电（PV）来提供低碳氢。氢是由EL系统利用光伏发电和电网产生的电能产生的。该系统被公式化为混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型，以允许分析最佳操作策略。具有不同目标函数的案例研究，CO ₂评估了EL系统的排放目标和容量利用率。EL-System的效率特性是通过测量获得的。参照三个评估指标对优化的运营策略进行了评估：CO ₂排放量，产能利用率和系统运营成本。结果如下：1）不管目标函数如何，EL-System通常在最高效率状态下运行，而最佳运行取决于EL-System的效率特性；2）减少CO ₂排放并提高EL-System的容量利用率，这需要权衡取舍；3）EL系统容量利用率的提高对氢的零售价格表现出两个相反的影响。