Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota is an important factor in mediating the development of metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of polysaccharides from mulberry fruit on diabetic db/db mice. We observed an inhibition in the body weight increase, a decrease in the blood glucose levels, and an improvement in glucose tolerance. Furthermore, our data showed increased enzymatic activities as evidenced by parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT). In addition, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased, while total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipid peroxide content malonaldehyde (MDA), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels decreased, accompanied by the recovery from damage to the liver, kidneys and pancreas. Meanwhile, metformin and polysaccharide similarly shifted the abundance of the main gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, in diabetic mice toward levels observed in healthy mice. Especially at the genus level, the enrichment of some key bacteria like Bacteroidales, Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia was observed. Taken together, our findings suggest that polysaccharides from the mulberry fruit modulate gut microbiota, including enriching functional bacteria and reducing microbial diversity, which may contribute to their antidiabetic effects.

中文翻译：

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桑fruit多糖对肥胖糖尿病db / db小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。

越来越多的证据表明，肠道菌群是介导代谢异常（尤其是2型糖尿病）发展的重要因素。在这里，我们调查了桑fruit多糖对糖尿病db / db的保护作用。老鼠。我们观察到了体重增加的抑制，血糖水平的降低以及葡萄糖耐量的改善。此外，我们的数据显示出酶活性的提高，这可以通过诸如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等参数来证明。此外，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）增加，而总胆固醇（TC），三酰甘油（TG），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C），脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）和游离脂肪酸（FFA） ）水平下降，伴随着肝脏，肾脏和胰腺损伤的恢复。同时，二甲双胍和多糖同样改变了主要肠道菌群，拟杆菌和坚定菌的丰度。，使糖尿病小鼠的血脂水平向健康小鼠的水平发展。尤其是在属的水平，像一些关键的细菌富集Bacteroidales，乳杆菌，Allobaculum，类杆菌和Akkermansia观察。综上所述，我们的发现表明，桑树果实中的多糖可调节肠道菌群，包括丰富功能性细菌和减少微生物多样性，这可能有助于其抗糖尿病作用。