Air particulate matter (PM) is a serious environmental problem that has been found to cause neuropathological disorders. Although the general toxicity of PM2.5 has been intensively studied, its neurobehavior effects are poorly discussed. In this study, we aim to investigate whether different exposure time of PM2.5 influence neurobehavior of rats, induce oxidative stress, histopathologic abnormalities, apoptosis, or changes of mitochondria and myelin. The results reveal that exposure to PM2.5 impaired spatial learning and memory, inquiring ability, as well as sensory function. These alterations were related to ultrastructure changes of mitochondria and myelin sheaths, abnormal expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Caspase-9). These results provide a basis for a better understanding of myelin abnormality-related neurobehavior impairment in response to PM2.5.

空气颗粒物（PM）是一个严重的环境问题，已发现其引起神经病理疾病。尽管已经对PM2.5的一般毒性进行了深入研究，但对它的神经行为作用的讨论却很少。在这项研究中，我们旨在调查不同的PM2.5暴露时间是否会影响大鼠的神经行为，诱导氧化应激，组织病理学异常，细胞凋亡或线粒体和髓磷脂的变化。结果表明，暴露于PM2.5会损害空间学习和记忆，探究能力以及感觉功能。这些改变与线粒体和髓鞘的超微结构变化，凋亡相关蛋白（Caspase-3，Caspase-9）的异常表达有关。