Clinically, postoperative adhesions are common and serious complications, which almost always happen after abdominal or pelvic surgery. The adhesion development process is accompanied by increased inflammatory cell infiltration and oxygen-free radical production. In this study, the naturally occurring antioxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds extracted from Turkish galls by ethyl acetate (GEA) were encapsulated into an injectable and biodegradable thermosensitive hydrogel. Antiadhesion efficacy of the barrier system (GEA-NP/H) was tested on a rat peritoneum injury-cecum abrasion model. Upon injection, the mildly viscous liquid formed a potent physical barrier over the injured cecum and peritoneum without any additional cross-linkers or light sources. Once formed, GEA-NP/H acted as a durable wound dressing for more than 5 days, as well as a sustained drug depot of GEA. The polymer hydrogel can be degraded and absorbed gradually. After 14 days, severe adhesion occurred among rats treated with normal saline and GEA-loaded nanoparticles (GEA-NP). Whereas, frequency of score 1 adhesion among the blank hydrogel group is 30%, and 90% of the rats from GEA-NP/H group exhibited no adhesion. In addition, pathological sections and scanning electron microscopy assay demonstrated that operative defects treated with GEA-NP/H suffered from mild oxidative stress and inflammatory damages at early days after injury, as well as accelerated wound healing and more mature mesothelial cell deposition at the 14th day in contrast to the blank hydrogel treatment. Therefore, the study provided an available biodegradable hydrogel barrier to effectively prevent postsurgical adhesion.

中文翻译：

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强大的抗粘连屏障，可生物降解的水凝胶与多功能土耳其胆提取物的组合

临床上，术后粘连是常见的严重并发症，几乎总是在腹部或骨盆手术后发生。粘附形成过程伴随着炎性细胞浸润的增加和氧自由基的产生。在这项研究中，通过乙酸乙酯（GEA）从土耳其胆中提取的天然抗氧化和抗炎化合物被封装到可注射和可生物降解的热敏水凝胶中。在大鼠腹膜损伤-盲肠磨损模型上测试了屏障系统（GEA-NP / H）的抗粘附功效。注射后，轻度粘稠的液体在受伤的盲肠和腹膜上形成了强大的物理屏障，而没有任何其他的交联剂或光源。形成后，GEA-NP / H可以用作持久性伤口敷料超过5天，以及GEA的持续药物仓库。聚合物水凝胶可被降解并逐渐吸收。14天后，在用生理盐水和载有GEA的纳米颗粒（GEA-NP）处理的大鼠之间发生了严重的粘连。而空白水凝胶组中得分为1的粘连频率为30％，而GEA-NP / H组的90％的大鼠没有粘连。此外，病理切片和扫描电子显微镜分析表明，GEA-NP / H治疗的手术缺陷在受伤后的初期受到轻度的氧化应激和炎症性损伤，并在第14天加速了伤口愈合和更成熟的间皮细胞沉积与空白水凝胶治疗相反。因此，该研究提供了可利用的可生物降解的水凝胶屏障，可有效防止术后粘连。