Abstract Fire is a widespread Earth system process with important carbon and climate feedbacks. Multispectral remote sensing has enabled mapping of global spatiotemporal patterns of fire and fire effects, which has significantly improved our understanding of interactions between ecosystems, climate, humans and fire. With several upcoming spaceborne hyperspectral missions like the Environmental Mapping And Analysis Program (EnMAP), the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) and the Precursore Iperspettrale Della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA), we provide a review of the state-of-the-art and perspectives of hyperspectral remote sensing of fire. Hyperspectral remote sensing leverages information in many (often more than 100) narrow (smaller than 20 nm) spectrally contiguous bands, in contrast to multispectral remote sensing of few (up to 15) non-contiguous wider (greater than 20 nm) bands. To date, hyperspectral fire applications have primarily used airborne data in the visible to short-wave infrared region (VSWIR, 0.4 to 2.5 μm). This has resulted in detailed and accurate discrimination and quantification of fuel types and condition, fire temperatures and emissions, fire severity and vegetation recovery. Many of these applications use processing techniques that take advantage of the high spectral resolution and dimensionality such as advanced spectral mixture analysis. So far, hyperspectral VSWIR fire applications are based on a limited number of airborne acquisitions, yet techniques will approach maturity for larger scale application when spaceborne imagery becomes available. Recent innovations in airborne hyperspectral thermal (8 to 12 μm) remote sensing show potential to improve retrievals of temperature and emissions from active fires, yet these applications need more investigation over more fires to verify consistency over space and time, and overcome sensor saturation issues. Furthermore, hyperspectral information and structural data from, for example, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors are highly complementary. Their combined use has demonstrated advantages for fuel mapping, yet its potential for post-fire severity and combustion retrievals remains largely unexplored.

中文翻译：

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火灾的高光谱遥感：最新技术和未来展望

摘要 火是一种广泛存在的地球系统过程，具有重要的碳和气候反馈。多光谱遥感能够绘制火灾和火灾影响的全球时空模式，这显着提高了我们对生态系统、气候、人类和火灾之间相互作用的理解。随着几个即将到来的星载高光谱任务，如环境测绘和分析计划 (EnMAP)、高光谱红外成像仪 (HyspIRI) 和 Precursore Iperspettrale Della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)，我们提供了对最新技术和观点的回顾火的高光谱遥感. 高光谱遥感利用许多（通常超过 100 个）窄（小于 20 nm）光谱连续波段中的信息，与少数（最多 15 个）非连续更宽（大于 20 nm）波段的多光谱遥感相反。迄今为止，高光谱火灾应用主要使用可见光至短波红外区域（VSWIR，0.4 至 2.5 μm）的机载数据。这导致对燃料类型和状况、火灾温度和排放、火灾严重程度和植被恢复进行详细和准确的区分和量化。许多此类应用使用的处理技术利用了高光谱分辨率和维数，例如高级光谱混合分析。到目前为止，高光谱 VSWIR 火力应用基于有限数量的机载采集，但当星载图像可用时，技术将接近成熟以进行更大规模的应用。机载高光谱热（8 至 12 微米）遥感的最新创新显示出改善对活跃火灾的温度和排放的检索的潜力，但这些应用需要对更多火灾进行更多调查，以验证空间和时间的一致性，并克服传感器饱和问题。此外，来自例如光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 传感器的高光谱信息和结构数据是高度互补的。它们的组合使用已经证明了燃料测绘的优势，但其在火灾后严重性和燃烧恢复方面的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到探索。并克服传感器饱和问题。此外，来自例如光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 传感器的高光谱信息和结构数据是高度互补的。它们的组合使用已经证明了燃料测绘的优势，但其在火灾后严重性和燃烧恢复方面的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到探索。并克服传感器饱和问题。此外，来自例如光探测和测距 (LiDAR) 传感器的高光谱信息和结构数据是高度互补的。它们的组合使用已经证明了燃料测绘的优势，但其在火灾后严重性和燃烧恢复方面的潜力在很大程度上仍未得到探索。