We report a terahertz quantum-cascade vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL) whose output power is scaled up to watt-level by using an amplifying metasurface designed for increased power density. The metasurface is composed of a subwavelength array of metal-metal waveguide antenna-coupled sub-cavities loaded with a terahertz quantum-cascade gain material. Unlike previously demonstrated THz QC-VECSELs, the sub-cavities operate on their third-order lateral modal resonance (TM03), instead of their first-order (TM01) resonance. This results in a metasurface with a higher spatial density of the gain material, leading to an increased output power per metasurface area. In pulsed mode operation, peak THz output powers up to 830 mW at 77 K and 1.35 W at 6 K are observed, while a single-mode spectrum and a low divergence beam pattern are maintained. In addition, piezoelectric control of the cavity length allows approximately 50 GHz of continuous, single-mode tuning without a significant effect on output power or beam quality.We report a terahertz quantum-cascade vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL) whose output power is scaled up to watt-level by using an amplifying metasurface designed for increased power density. The metasurface is composed of a subwavelength array of metal-metal waveguide antenna-coupled sub-cavities loaded with a terahertz quantum-cascade gain material. Unlike previously demonstrated THz QC-VECSELs, the sub-cavities operate on their third-order lateral modal resonance (TM03), instead of their first-order (TM01) resonance. This results in a metasurface with a higher spatial density of the gain material, leading to an increased output power per metasurface area. In pulsed mode operation, peak THz output powers up to 830 mW at 77 K and 1.35 W at 6 K are observed, while a single-mode spectrum and a low divergence beam pattern are maintained. In addition, piezoelectric control of the cavity length allows approximately 50 GHz of continuous, single-mode tuning without a significant effect ...

中文翻译：

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具有瓦特级输出功率的太赫兹量子级联 VECSEL

我们报告了一种太赫兹量子级联垂直外腔表面发射激光器 (QC-VECSEL)，其输出功率通过使用为增加功率密度而设计的放大超表面放大到瓦特级。超表面由加载有太赫兹量子级联增益材料的金属-金属波导天线耦合子腔的亚波长阵列组成。与之前演示的 THz QC-VECSEL 不同，子腔在其三阶横向模态共振 (TM03) 上运行，而不是在其一阶 (TM01) 共振上运行。这导致超表面具有更高的增益材料空间密度，从而导致每个超表面区域的输出功率增加。在脉冲模式操作中，观察到峰值太赫兹输出功率在 77 K 时高达 830 mW，在 6 K 时高达 1.35 W，同时保持单模光谱和低发散光束模式。此外，腔长的压电控制允许大约 50 GHz 的连续单模调谐，而对输出功率或光束质量没有显着影响。 我们报告了太赫兹量子级联垂直外腔表面发射激光器 (QC- VECSEL），其输出功率通过使用专为增加功率密度而设计的放大超表面放大到瓦特级。超表面由加载有太赫兹量子级联增益材料的金属-金属波导天线耦合子腔的亚波长阵列组成。与之前演示的 THz QC-VECSEL 不同，子腔在其三阶横向模态共振 (TM03) 上运行，而不是在其一阶 (TM01) 共振上运行。这导致超表面具有更高的增益材料空间密度，从而导致每个超表面区域的输出功率增加。在脉冲模式操作中，观察到峰值太赫兹输出功率在 77 K 时高达 830 mW，在 6 K 时高达 1.35 W，同时保持单模光谱和低发散光束模式。此外，腔长的压电控制允许大约 50 GHz 的连续单模调谐，而不会产生显着影响......