There are two key novel components presented here behind identification of potential novel breast cancer (BCa) diagnostic approach: 1. application of photoimmobilizable zwitterionic hydrogels resisting non-specific protein adsorption for preparation of the biosensor interfaces and 2. integration of lectins (carbohydrate recognizing proteins) within biosensors to evaluate changes in the glycan profile of HER2 protein on the molecular level. A disposable, electrochemical biosensor based on screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with a deposited hydrogel layer was applied for covalent attachment of antibodies for a specific interaction with HER2. In the subsequent step, HER2 molecules were in situ glycoprofiled using lectins. The impedimetric immunosensor was able to detect HER2 down to 5 pg mL⁻¹ (≈77 fM) with a minimal non-specific protein adsorption. The biosensor was then combined with lectins to glycoprofile HER2 in two serum samples (one from a healthy, high BCa risk woman and the other from a woman with a 2nd stage BCa). The results obtained by the glycoprofiling via the impedimetric biosensor were successfully verified by independent lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). To our best knowledge it is a very first biosensor applying zwitterionic polymeric hydrogel-modified interface for glycoprofiling of a cancer biomarker.

在鉴定潜在的新型乳腺癌（BCa）诊断方法之后，这里提出了两个关键的新组件：1.抗非特异性蛋白吸附的光固定性两性离子水凝胶在制备生物传感器界面中的应用和2.凝集素（碳水化合物识别蛋白）的整合）在生物传感器中评估HER2蛋白在分子水平上的聚糖谱变化。将基于丝网印刷碳电极（SPCE）和沉积水凝胶层的一次性电化学生物传感器用于抗体的共价连接，以实现与HER2的特异性相互作用。在随后的步骤中，使用凝集素对HER2分子进行原位糖谱分析。阻抗免疫传感器能够检测低至5 pg mL ^-1的HER2（≈77fM），具有最小的非特异性蛋白质吸附。然后将生物传感器与凝集素结合，以在两个血清样本（一个来自健康，患有高BCa风险的女性，另一个来自患有第二阶段BCa的女性）中检测糖蛋白HER2。通过基于阻抗的生物传感器的糖谱分析获得的结果已通过独立的基于凝集素的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）成功验证。据我们所知，这是第一个将两性离子聚合物水凝胶修饰的界面用于癌症生物标记糖基分析的生物传感器。