Abstract In the present contribution, we focus on the fabrication and characterization of active gelatin-based films incorporated with oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions stabilized with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP) and encapsulating hesperidin (Hesp). Results revealed Pickering emulsions with d3,2 of 5.4 μm and PDI of 0.3. Hesp was found to improve the physical stability of the emulsions, suggesting that ChiNP adsorb more efficiently, in the presence of Hesp. Films were produced by the casting method incorporating different emulsion’ levels (5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 g oil/100 g of gelatin). Microstructure analysis with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showed a similar droplets size and size distribution in the film matrix, endowing the films with homogeneous distributions of oil droplets over their 3D network architecture of films. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggested that this phenomenon might be related to Pickering stabilization effect of oil droplets incorporated into the film matrix. With increase of incorporation level, film’ surfaces were more heterogeneous. Interestingly, the incorporation of Pickering emulsions was effective to produce films with good compatibility between interface of oil droplets and gelatin matrix. Films showed less resistance to tension, and more flexibility. The water vapor barrier properties of films improved by increasing the incorporation level. X-ray analysis revealed a good compatibility among the composite films. Films incorporated with encapsulated hesperidin showed a noticeable antioxidant activity. These findings are important to better design composite active films incorporated with Pickering emulsions, in order to optimize film formulation in a rational manner towards their eventual application as food packaging.

中文翻译：

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与包裹橙皮苷的 Pickering 乳液结合的活性明胶薄膜：制备和物理化学表征

摘要在目前的贡献中，我们专注于制备和表征活性明胶基薄膜，该薄膜与用壳聚糖纳米颗粒 (ChiNP) 稳定的水包油 (O/W) Pickering 乳液和封装橙皮苷 (Hesp) 相结合。结果表明皮克林乳剂的 d3,2 为 5.4 μm，PDI 为 0.3。发现 Hesp 可提高乳液的物理稳定性，表明在 Hesp 存在下，ChiNP 吸附更有效。薄膜是通过浇铸方法生产的，其中加入了不同的乳液水平（5、10、20、30 和 50 克油/100 克明胶）。使用共焦激光扫描显微镜 (CLSM) 图像进行的微观结构分析显示，薄膜基质中的液滴尺寸和尺寸分布相似，赋予薄膜在薄膜的 3D 网络结构上均匀分布的油滴。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表明，这种现象可能与油滴掺入薄膜基质的皮克林稳定效应有关。随着掺入水平的增加，薄膜表面更加不均匀。有趣的是，皮克林乳液的加入有效地产生了油滴界面与明胶基质之间具有良好相容性的薄膜。薄膜显示出较小的抗张力性和更多的柔韧性。通过增加掺入量，薄膜的水蒸气阻隔性能得到改善。X 射线分析表明复合膜之间具有良好的相容性。掺入封装橙皮苷的薄膜显示出明显的抗氧化活性。