Anthocyanins have a positive effect on resistant obesity; however they cannot usually be absorbed directly but, instead, are metabolized by gut microbiota. This study will examine the effects and the mechanism of vanillic acid on the prevention of obesity induced by diet, which is one of the anthocyanin metabolites. We fed C57BL/6J mice vanillic acid supplements in a high fat and high fructose diet for 16 weeks. Body weight, fat pat weight, and food and water intake were monitored. Glucose homeostasis was assessed with a glucose or insulin tolerance test. The sizes of adipose cells and lipid droplets were analyzed by histology staining, while the expression of genes and proteins was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and tissue-blot immunoassay. The results demonstrated that vanillic acid contributed to the reduction of body weight gain, improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and maintained body temperature. Furthermore, vanillic acid was found to promote thermogenesis and mitochondrial synthesis of brown adipose tissue and inguinal white adipose tissue. This study demonstrated that vanillic acid could prevent obesity by activating BAT thermogenesis and the promotion of inguinal WAT browning.

中文翻译：

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香草酸激活棕色和白色脂肪组织中的生热作用

花色苷对抵抗性肥胖有积极作用；但是它们通常不能直接被吸收，而是被肠道菌群代谢。本研究将探讨香草酸对预防饮食引起的肥胖的作用及其机理，饮食是花青素的一种代谢产物。我们以高脂肪和高果糖饮食喂养C57BL / 6J小鼠香草酸补充剂16周。监测体重，脂肪轻拍重量以及食物和水的摄入量。葡萄糖稳态通过葡萄糖或胰岛素耐受性测试进行评估。通过组织学染色分析脂肪细胞和脂质滴的大小，同时通过实时定量PCR，蛋白质印迹和组织印迹免疫分析法分析基因和蛋白质的表达。结果表明，香草酸有助于减轻体重增加，改善葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素抵抗以及维持体温。此外，发现香草酸可促进棕色脂肪组织和腹股沟白色脂肪组织的生热和线粒体合成。这项研究表明，香草酸可以通过激活BAT生热和促进腹股沟WAT褐变来预防肥胖。