With the rapid advancement of Earth Observation systems, Earth Observation data has been collected and accumulated at an unprecedented fast rate. Earth Observation Big Data emerged with new opportunities for human to better understand the Earth systems, but also pose a tremendous challenge for efficiently transforming Big Data into Earth Observation Big Value. Targeting on this challenge, a well-organized data index is a key to enhance the “Data-Value” transformation by accelerating the access to data. Although various data indexing approaches have been proposed with different optimization objectives, literature shows that there are still apparent limitations for Earth Observation data indexing. This paper aims to build a spatiotemporal indexing for Earth Observation Big Data. Specifically, a) to support various Earth Observation Data Infrastructures, we adopt an indexing framework to efficiently retrieve data with various textual, spatial and temporal requirements; b) a distributed indexing structure is designed to improve the index scalability; c) data access pattern is integrated to the indexing algorithm for both spatial and workload balancing. The results show that our indexing approach outperforms traditional indexing approaches and accelerates the access to Earth Observation data. We envision that data indexing will become a key technology that drives fundamental Earth Observation advancements in the Big Data era.

随着地球观测系统的飞速发展，地球观测数据以前所未有的快速速度被收集和积累。地球观测大数据的出现给人类带来了新的机会，使人们可以更好地了解地球系统，但也给有效地将大数据转化为地球观测大价值提出了巨大的挑战。针对这一挑战，组织良好的数据索引是通过加速对数据的访问来增强“数据值”转换的关键。尽管已经提出了具有不同优化目标的各种数据索引方法，但是文献表明，对地观测数据索引仍然存在明显的局限性。本文旨在为地球观测大数据建立时空索引。具体来说，a）为了支持各种地球观测数据基础架构，我们采用了索引框架来有效地检索具有各种文本，空间和时间要求的数据；b）设计分布式索引结构以提高索引的可伸缩性；c）数据访问模式已集成到索引算法中，以实现空间和工作负载平衡。结果表明，我们的索引方法优于传统的索引方法，并加快了对地球观测数据的访问。我们设想，数据索引编制将成为推动大数据时代基本的地球观测技术进步的关键技术。c）数据访问模式已集成到索引算法中，以实现空间和工作负载平衡。结果表明，我们的索引方法优于传统的索引方法，并加快了对地球观测数据的访问。我们设想，数据索引编制将成为推动大数据时代基本的地球观测技术进步的关键技术。c）数据访问模式已集成到索引算法中，以实现空间和工作负载平衡。结果表明，我们的索引方法优于传统的索引方法，并加快了对地球观测数据的访问。我们设想，数据索引编制将成为推动大数据时代基本的地球观测技术进步的关键技术。