Dietary habits exert a strong influence on gut microbial composition and may result in an imbalance of gut microbes, representing a predisposition to obesity and metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate a potential relationship between gut bacterial species and metabolic parameters and dietary intake. Bacterial DNA was extracted from feces of 34 obese subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MS and n-MS group, respectively). We then used real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for quantifying specific sequences to Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium coccoides, and Lactobacillus spp. and analyzed them with respect to clinical characteristics. Our data showed that the MS group had a 6.7-fold higher level of C. coccoides in their stool samples than the n-MS group. The abundance of C. coccoides was positively correlated with a high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, an excessive dietary level of MUFA was identified as a predictor of C. coccoides abundance. Alterations in the gut microbial ecology were positively correlated with levels of triacylglycerol in obese individuals. Therefore, the type and quantity of dietary fat may alter the gut microbial ecology in obese individuals with MS and may predispose them to dyslipidemia.

饮食习惯对肠道微生物组成有很大影响，并可能导致肠道微生物失衡，这是肥胖和代谢紊乱的诱因。我们旨在研究肠道细菌种类与代谢参数和饮食摄入之间的潜在关系。从34名患有和不患有代谢综合征（分别为MS和n-MS组）的肥胖受试者的粪便中提取细菌DNA。然后，我们使用实时聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）来量化粘液阿克曼氏菌，双歧杆菌属，球状梭状芽胞杆菌和乳杆菌的特定序列spp。并就临床特征对其进行了分析。我们的数据显示，MS组粪便样品中的C.coccoides含量比n-MS组高6.7倍。C.coccoides的丰度与单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸的高摄入量呈正相关。此外，MUFA的饮食水平过高被确定为C.coccoides丰度的预测指标。肥胖个体中肠道微生物生态学的改变与三酰甘油水平呈正相关。因此，膳食脂肪的类型和数量可能会改变患有MS的肥胖个体的肠道微生物生态，并可能使他们易患血脂异常。