Chemically engineered holes on two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials may significantly increase the number of edge sites to tune their intrinsic properties to achieve promising performance. Here, we report a general and mild approach to the convenient creation of holes on atomically thin nanosheets for engineering bandgaps and enhancing properties of 2D materials. Through surface blocking, controlled dissolution, and chemical stabilization, WO₃ nanosheets are readily treated to create holes in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) via the reaction of WO₃ with OH^– ions at pH 8. Arising from the increased bandgaps and more edge sites as demonstrated experimentally and theoretically, the resulting holey WO₃ nanosheets exhibit enhanced photocurrents and much better performance during selective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation compared with those of bulky WO₃ and nonporous nanosheets. Also, this approach is further extended to the convenient creation of holes on more 2D nanomaterials such as MoS₂ and C₃N₄ nanosheets, which are facilely made in aqueous solutions of diluted H₂O₂ and HCl, respectively. Overall, this work not only demonstrates a surface-mediated chemical dissolution strategy for generating holes on various ultrathin nanosheets but also provides new opportunities to exploit exotic properties and novel applications of geometrically constructed 2D nanomaterials.

中文翻译：

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二维纳米材料的表面介导化学溶解对孔形成的影响

二维（2D）纳米材料上经过化学工程处理的孔可能会大大增加边缘部位的数量，以调整其固有属性以实现有希望的性能。在这里，我们报告了一种通用且温和的方法，可在原子薄的纳米片上方便地创建孔以用于工程带隙并增强2D材料的性能。通过表面阻挡，控制溶解和化学稳定，WO _3个纳米片可以容易地处理经由的WO反应以在牛血清白蛋白的存在下（BSA）的孔₃用OH ^-在pH 8离子从增加所产生的带隙和如实验和理论上证实的那样，更多的边缘位点产生了有孔的WO ₃与大体积的WO ₃和无孔纳米片相比，纳米片在选择性吸附和光催化降解过程中表现出增强的光电流和更好的性能。而且，该方法进一步扩展为在更多的2D纳米材料（例如MoS ₂和C ₃ N ₄纳米片）上方便地形成孔，这些2D纳米材料分别在稀释的H ₂ O ₂和HCl的水溶液中方便地制备。总的来说，这项工作不仅证明了在各种超薄纳米片上产生孔的表面介导的化学溶解策略，而且为利用奇异性质和几何构造的2D纳米材料的新颖应用提供了新的机会。