Abstract Nanocomposite membranes consisting of functionalized β-cyclodextrin (fβ-CD) and polyethersulfone (PES) were fabricated, characterized, and used for low-pressure wastewater post-treatment. The impact of nucleophilic functionalization of β-CD on the performance of these membranes was evaluated via three substitution routes: Crosslinking with nucleophilic dicarboxyl groups (M1) in maleic acid; co-polymerization with excess amino group (M2) in hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HPEI); and nucleophilic modification with amino and hydroxyl groups (M3) in chitosan. All fβ-CD-incorporated membranes were hydrophilic as a result of the highly populated –OH groups at the exterior of β-CD. Although there are higher-energy intermolecular C–O bonds in M1 membrane, less degree of nucleophilic crosslinking restricted kinetic hindrance and led to an increase in the mean pore size of M1 membrane to 52 nm. A dense structure, the lowest mean pore size of 22 nm, and the highest porosity of 45% was imparted to M2 membrane by the flexible C–N linkages provided by HPEI. Nucleophilic attack by the abundant N–H groups in HPEI also improved the tensile strength of M2 membrane reaching 20 MPa. Consequently, the water permeability of M2 membrane was significantly enhanced via β-CD's solution-diffusion property. M1, M2, and M3 membrane water permeability were 61, 239, and 167 LMH bar−1, respectively. M3 membrane showed the highest removal efficiencies for heavy metal ions (92% of Cr6+, 90% of Zn2+, 82% of Fe2+, and 87% of Cd2+) since it is the most hydrophilic membrane with abundant –OH groups in chitosan. However, M2 membrane displayed the highest removal efficiencies for residual organics, i.e. 67% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 84% bacteria due to the hydrophobic interior of its dense fβ-CD.

中文翻译：

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亲核功能化的β-环糊精-聚醚砜结构作为用于废水后处理的纳米多孔膜活性层的简易层压工艺：分子意义

摘要 制备、表征了由功能化 β-环糊精 (fβ-CD) 和聚醚砜 (PES) 组成的纳米复合膜，并将其用于低压废水后处理。通过三种取代途径评估了 β-CD 的亲核官能化对这些膜性能的影响： 与马来酸中的亲核二羧基 (M1) 交联；在超支化聚乙烯亚胺 (HPEI) 中与过量氨基 (M2) 共聚；和在壳聚糖中用氨基和羟基 (M3) 进行亲核修饰。由于 β-CD 外部高度填充的 -OH 基团，所有掺入 fβ-CD 的膜都是亲水的。尽管 M1 膜中有更高能的分子间 C-O 键，较低程度的亲核交联限制了动力学障碍，并导致 M1 膜的平均孔径增加到 52 nm。HPEI 提供的灵活的 C-N 键使 M2 膜具有致密的结构、22 nm 的最低平均孔径和 45% 的最高孔隙率。HPEI 中丰富的 N-H 基团的亲核攻击也提高了 M2 膜的拉伸强度，达到 20 MPa。因此，通过β-CD的溶液扩散特性，M2膜的透水性显着增强。M1、M2 和 M3 膜透水性分别为 61、239 和 167 LMH bar-1。M3 膜显示出最高的重金属离子去除效率（92% 的 Cr6+、90% 的 Zn2+、82% 的 Fe2+ 和 87% 的 Cd2+），因为它是最亲水的膜，在壳聚糖中具有丰富的 –OH 基团。然而，