Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing is a newly developed and promising analytical technique. The complete separation of excitation source (light) and detection signal (current) greatly reduces the undesired background signal, which is advantageous over both optical and electrochemical determination. Using a photocurrent from the PEC process as a detection signal, PEC biosensor can be operated at a low applied potential and exhibits high sensitivity with repeating cycles. In this account, we summary recent results in the study on PEC biosensing. To construct PEC sensors, exciting light sources of chemiluminescence (CL) and electrochemiluminescence, and PEC active materials including the selected semiconductors, dyes, composites of semiconductors-semiconductors and hybrids of dyes-semiconductors are employed. The principle of PEC biosensing is described and the mechanism in anodic and cathodic photocurrent generation processes is well investigated. On the other hand, in typical PEC biosensors, biomolecules such as antibodies and nucleic acids, are immobilized on the biosensing interface and bind with their corresponding targets via chemical reaction or biological recognition, enabling quantitative detection of the targets possible according to the variation of the photocurrents. Finally, several examples with the PEC biosensing application including immunosensors, DNA sensors, RNA sensors, aptasensors, enzymatic analysis, cytosensors, and detection of small molecules and metal ions are briefly introduced.

光电化学（PEC）生物传感是一种新兴的且很有前途的分析技术。激发源（光）和检测信号（电流）的完全分离极大地减少了不需要的背景信号，这比光学和电化学测定都有利。使用来自PEC过程的光电流作为检测信号，PEC生物传感器可以在低施加电势下运行，并具有高重复周期的灵敏度。因此，我们总结了PEC生物传感研究的最新成果。要构建PEC传感器，化学发光（CL）和电化学发光的激发光源以及包括所选材料在内的PEC活性材料使用半导体，染料，半导体-半导体的复合材料以及染料-半导体的杂化物。描述了PEC生物传感的原理，并很好地研究了阳极和阴极光电流产生过程的机理。另一方面，在典型的PEC生物传感器中，诸如抗体和核酸之类的生物分子被固定在生物传感界面上，并通过化学反应或生物识别与相应的靶标结合，从而能够根据光电流的变化对靶标进行定量检测。最后，简要介绍了PEC生物传感应用程序的几个示例，包括免疫传感器，DNA传感器，RNA传感器，适体传感器，酶分析，细胞传感器以及小分子和金属离子的检测。