Background

During pregnancy, women face continuous nutritional challenges. Although it is a personal choice, the adoption of a vegetarian dietary pattern during pregnancy must be regarded as a situation that may be associated with some risks and benefits for the mother and the fetus.

Scope and Approach

In the present review, the most frequent nutritional deficits among pregnant vegetarians will be discussed, namely, those that refer to vitamin B12, zinc, iron, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D. If properly planned, vegetarian diets may also be associated with some important health benefits. The main potential outcomes of vegetarianism for pregnant women, fetal development and for the early and later life of the newborns will be also reviewed.

Key Findings and Conclusions

Taken together, despite some of the controversial published data, vegetarianism appears to be a safe dietary pattern during that period of time. So, the option for vegetarianism must be considered a personal choice that like any other feeding pattern may pose some nutritional risks but also bring some potential health outcomes both for the mother and for the children. In order to deal with the nutritional requirements during pregnancy, it is recommended that vegetarian mothers follow strict nutritional counseling.

中文翻译：

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怀孕期间的素食主义：风险和益处

背景

在怀孕期间，妇女面临持续的营养挑战。尽管这是个人选择，但在怀孕期间采用素食饮食方式必须被视为可能会给母亲和胎儿带来一定风险和益处的情况。

范围和方法

在本综述中，将讨论怀孕素食者中最常见的营养缺乏症，即那些涉及维生素B12，锌，铁，omega-3脂肪酸和维生素D的营养缺乏症。如果计划合理，素食者饮食也可能与一些重要的健康益处。素食主义对孕妇，胎儿发育以及新生儿的早晚生活的主要潜在结果也将进行回顾。

主要发现和结论

综上所述，尽管发表了一些有争议的数据，但是素食主义者在那段时期似乎是一种安全的饮食方式。因此，必须选择素食主义，这是个人选择，就像其他任何喂养方式一样，可能会带来一些营养风险，但同时也给母亲和孩子带来一些潜在的健康后果。为了满足怀孕期间的营养需求，建议素食母亲遵循严格的营养咨询。